Biomedical Technology

Making sure they give them the right amount of anesthesia is important to there vitals as well, the anesthesiologist takes the patient's current health and any medicine they are currently taking into consideration while determining what to give them. After they give it to the patient and watch over during surgery they monitor the patient after the procedure to see that the medication and sedation affects them well and causes no abnormal problems. “Anesthesiologists also must assist in any cancer related treatments, cardiac and respiratory care, blood transfusion, and preside over any Nurse Anesthetists” as you can see according to The American Society of  Anesthesiologists they are involved in much more than sedating patients for surgery. They have to record everything as well. The type and amount of drugs administered, and the condition of the patient before, during, and after

Primary goals of conscious sedation include he alteration of mood, the maintenance of consciousness, cooperation, elevation of the pain threshold, a minor variation of vital signs, and the production of some degree

Before surgery, the anesthesiologist will evaluate the patient’s current and past health to create an anesthetic plan fit for the patient. During surgery, he/she will diagnose and treat any issues that might come up. This is considered a dangerous job because giving too much anesthetic can easily kill a patient and not giving enough can create a risk of the patient waking up or feeling some parts of the

A patient is conscious during an intravenous sedation, being able keep an open airway and respond to physical stimulation and/or verbal commands. Most of the time they do not remember.

As technology improves, surgical robots are rapidly gaining support among both doctors and patients across America. Today more than 900 hospitals have the da Vinci robot which is double the number in 2007. (Freyer, 2010) Da Vinci robots were first approved by the FDA in 2000 for prostate removal, but now da Vinci robots are used for a variety of other surgical procedures (Freyer, 2010). Robot assisted surgery offers advantages such as smaller incisions, reduced blood loss, less pain and faster healing time (Vijay, 2010), as well as making surgery less demanding for the surgeon. Robotic surgery involves many obvious advantages but the impact of cost, access, and quality must

The dose rates and the drugs used will depend on the level of sedation. This can be used to simply

A medicine will be given to make him or her go to sleep (general anesthetic).

The wires will be tested with stimulation, and you will be asked to react to the tests. If you are under general anesthetic, you will be woken up and then given more medicine to make you fall asleep again.

In the case of Mr Jones, he was placed under general anaesthetic. General anaesthetics work by depressing the central nervous system (CNS) throughout the body (McKenna & Gigi Lim, 2013, p.400). Due to this depression of the CNS, the risks of adverse effects associated with general anaesthesia, are quite high. From this widespread suppression the body is forced to relax. This relaxation causes a decrease in the patients pulse and blood pressure (hypotension), reduced/suppressed respirations, as well as a decrease in gastrointestinal activity (McKenna & Gigi Lim, 2013, p.402). Common side effects of general anaesthesia include nausea, vomiting, confusion, muscle aches, sore throat, chills and shivering (hypothermia) (American Society of Anaesthesiologists, 2013). Precautions in which the modified aldrete scale monitor, is if the patient begins to fall into medullary paralysis. Once in this state, function of vital organs cease, resulting in death without appropriate intervention (e.g. mechanical breathing) (McKenna & Gigi Lim, 2013, p.401). As a precaution to CNS depression, patients are assessed on four main areas, respiration, circulation, consciousness and oxygen saturation. In the area of respiration, patients are assessed on adequacy of their airways and ventilation (rate, rhythm, depth, sounds & use of accessory muscles). This is important as over sedation can inhibit breathing, causing a chain reaction to the patient's level of consciousness and circulation. Through monitoring Mr Jones' respiration and oxygen saturation, it was noted that his respiration rate was 25 while his oxygen saturation was 93% (with 5L/min O2 facemask). It was also noted his capillary refill was > 3 seconds. This could be due to Mr Jones being a long term smoker, making gas exchange difficult. From this difficulty, Mr Jones could potentially become hypoxic (showing signs

As today’s technology is changing, some of the most major effects of it are superior advances in the medical field. One advance in the medical field is tissue engineering. It is being developed for use in regenerative medicine and soon to be in wider use for other treatments. Tissue engineering’s goal for the future is for the medicine to be able to stimulate other cells around the damage area of the body to get them to grow and produce living tissue (Sciencedaily). Another medical advancement is the monitoring systems and how hospitals can better track for problems and signs of an emergency. This can also help the surgeons decide how to stitch up a patient for best recovery time (Sciencedaily). As technology keeps progressing, another medical advancement is the way surgeons are doing operations. Today, for complex surgeries, surgeons now will get help from the use of a robot for accurate procedures; this will help with the size of the incision and keep the recovery time shorter than during standard surgery.

The 21st century can rightfully be considered as the era of technology when the new inventions and discoveries will most likely affect all the segments of human life. At this point, some of the breakthrough inventions of our times have been in the medical field. Robotic surgery has become an almost common practice in the advanced medical world and new uses for robotic assisted surgery are everyday set in place. However, such developments also attract different interests and implications.

Normally, they have very prominent and valuable role in the medical field. This is true for newly developed technology like robotic surgeons whose extensive capabilities will help change the way surgery is performed. Ben Hargreaves, a deputy editor at Professional Engineering, affirms “A surgeon would typically be looking at an accuracy of 0.8mm to the target. He could expect through the robot to get to 0.5mm. Sometimes he'll be able to get to 0.5 manually—but the surgeon wants to be able to do that every time. So what the robot brings to the situation is repeatability, stability and accuracy, which should make surgery safer”(Hargreaves 1). This slight difference in accuracy can be a game-changer for patient care. The accuracy these robots are capable of allows the recovery time of a patient to decrease drastically. It also is not as invasive of a surgery compared to with a conventional surgeon which allows there to be less risk of complications. Medical Technology’s impact in surgery is very substantial, but it has also extended to immediate patient care in the form of

The Da Vinci Surgical System is a large purpose-built robot controlled by a surgeon that performs minimally invasive surgical procedures on patients. The system incorporates an ergonomically designed surgeon's console, a patient-side module with four interactive robotic arms, each with interchangeable surgical instruments and a 3-dimensional endoscopic vision system. Powered by high-tech supercomputers, the surgeon's hand movements are scaled, filtered and then converted into precise movements of the surgical attachments. The designers of the system are a team of doctors, engineers and biomedical engineers at a company called Intuitive Surgical.

Technology is transforming the medical field with the design of robotic devices and multifaceted imaging. Even though these developments have made operations much less invasive, robotic systems have their own disadvantages that prevent them from replacing surgeons all together. Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) is a broad notion encompassing a lot of common procedures that existed prior to the introduction of robots. It refers to general procedures that keep away from long cuts by entering the body through small, usually about 1cm, entry incisions, through which surgeons use long-handled instruments to operate on tissue inside the body. Such operations are directed by viewing equipment and, therefore, do not automatically need the use of a robot. Yet, it is not incorrect to say that computer-assisted and robotic surgeries are categories that fall under minimally invasive surgery (Robotic Surgery, n.d.).

The medical field has revolutionized the health and well being of society. Throughout the decades, the medical field has been through sweeping changes that leave society astonished. It seems like each year that passes by, there is a new technological advancement that modernizes the medical field. Not only do these advancements modernize medicine, but they in return aid doctors, nurses, and specialists by improving their effectiveness within the field. About ten years ago, the da Vinci Surgical System was introduced to hospitals and the medical field, in general because the FDA had finally approved the system within the United States (Dunkin). The da Vinci Surgical System, also known basically as robotic surgery, introduced the use of a