The aged old open appendectomy has been the main form of corrective surgery for patients who was diagnose with acute appendicitis. However, in the modern era, the laparoscopic approach has become more common and many have questioned its effectiveness and superiority over the appendectomy (Biondi, et al 2016). The laparoscopic approach has been identified for shorter recovery time post operatory, thus resulting in shorter hospital stay, less postoperative pain, faster return to daily activities. These observations influenced, Biondi, et al (2016), to conduct a retrospective observational study at the department of Emergency Surgery, Garibaldi Hospital-Catania during the period of January 2004 and July 2011 with the purpose of identifying the …show more content…
The odd ratio is a representation of the odds that a particular outcome will occur in the presents of particular exposure, in comparison to odds of having the same outcome the absence of that exposure (Szumilas, M., 2010). a = Number of exposed cases (35) b = Number of exposed non-cases (8) c = Number of unexposed cases (5) d = Number of unexposed non-cases (32)
OR= ad/bc
OR = (35×32) ÷ (8x5) =1120÷40 =28
Thus, the odd of salmonella infection is 28 times higher in those who consumed raw Spinach as compared to those who did not consume raw Spinach.
References
Biondi, A., Di Stefano, C., Ferrara, F., Bellia, A., Vacante, M., and Piazza, L., (2016), Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: a retrospective cohort study assessing outcomes and cost-effectiveness, Available at: https://wjes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13017-016-0102-5 (accessed: 22/06/2017).
Gordis, L., (2009), Epidemiology, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier, ISBN 978-1-4160-4002-6
Szumilas, M., (2010), Explaining Odds Ratios, Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2938757/ (accessed:
In this study, out of 112 patients operated for acute non perforated appendicitis, 72 patients were male and 40 patients were female, a ratio of 1.8:1. The patients' age ranged from 18 to 55 years with a mean age of 26 years, the majority of cases lie in a range between 20-32 years. As shown in Table 1, there is no significant difference regarding patients' age, sex, medical comorbidities (diabetes, liver disease, renal disease, hyperlipidemia, heart disease), fever, leukocytosis, radiologic findings (appendiceal diameter, presence of free fluid) or operative time between the two groups.
In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird many of the key themes of the story was Mob mentality, Racial profiling and Courage, all of the events that happened in the novel taught Scout and Jem a lesson, or demonstrate to them how the real world actually works. Many of the events that played out in the book, unfortunately still happens today. The primary reason why we learn history is to not repeat the same mistakes and I can’t say we learn much, we progress yes indeed, but declined in many different ways. What I infer is that America is lacking in is a leader not a dictator for instance, we need a Martin Luther King or a Malcolm X, the courage is lacking in that department, but there is also the fear factor, the thought of, ” Am I
Initially, the outbreak and recall was set for bagged spinach on September 14th, but the very next day the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recalled all spinach, both bagged and fresh. The outbreak was due to a suspected E. coli O157:H7. Because of the outbreak, 200 people were reported to the CDC from 26 states as having been infected with that particular outbreak strain; more than 100 of those cases were hospitalized, and 31 of them developed a form of kidney failure, which resulted in the deaths of three people. So why is a breakout that may only have affected 200 people so important and relevant to everyone? It’s important to make sure that our food is edible and not contaminated because in this situation with spinach—according to data collected through surveys— nearly half (48%) of Americans reported that they ate fresh spinach before the recall and did so frequently. There was no complete resolution on the exact cause of E. Coli on spinach, but it was believed to be from samples taken from a stream and from feces of cattle and wild pigs present on ranches, due to a genetic match from those who were infected. For some consumers, the spinach recall may be a type of “signal event” indicating a wider problem that they do not yet see as having been solved. Although spinach is something that is generally looked at as “healthy” to its consumers, it is apparent that there is still a problem with the safety and health concerning fresh produce for the public. This occurrence in 2006 was a turning point for many, realizing that even what should be our freshest food can be contaminated, and that more effort needs to be taken in order to protect the public from
Hospitals vary in their quality performance with different procedures and medical conditions. The lower the hospital’s performance level, the higher the mortality rate and health care costs of the said hospital. It was also mentioned in the report that if the surgeons opted to use laparoscopic approaches to applicable abdominal surgeries, it would reduce the risk of complications, shorten the hospital stays, and subsequently lower the cost for both
This investigation was done to see which method offered more of an advantage for specialists who may have just recently finished a training programming in laparoscopy. These researchers observed that the transperitoneal approach, in contrast to its retroperitoneal counterpart, was better for the less-experienced. This is because it offers an operating field that is wider, as well as more anatomical familiarity. Moreover, suturing is more convenient following the
1.16 – 7.07). Likewise, fistula repair and bowel resection resulted in longer hospital stay with an odds ratio of 3.68 ([CI]: 1.59 - 5.76).
Regardless of the appendix’s unique purpose in the body when it becomes inflamed and infected the main treatment is removal. Inflammation of the appendix is most commonly seen in the young population between the ages of 10 and 30 years of age. Despite this, acute appendicitis can happen at any age from infancy to geriatric. Appendicitis occurs more in males in the ages of 10-20 years, but the distribution between male and females is even in all other ages (Schub, T., & Kornusky, J. (2016). Appendicitis, Acute. CINAHL Nursing Guide)
Mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) became the standard of care for elective colorectal surgery once its association with decreased anastomotic dehiscence, surgical site infections (SSI)1, and overall reduced morbidity and mortality emerged2. Originally, the guidelines and recommendations for MBP were based on expert opinion and theory rather than randomized controlled trials (RCTs).3 When researchers began testing the theory in large randomized controlled studies, the results challenged the benefits of MBP. A substantial amount of literature found the practice to either found no effects, or found negative post-operative effects.3-5 Although current research has casted doubt on the efficacy of MBP, making its use controversial, most surgeons
Our study validates that the Perioperative Risk Assessment Score using patient’s characteristics and urgency of the surgical procedure can reliably predict postoperative mortality. In addition, we show that despite a good prediction of mortality, the ASA score has a large range of intervariability that may limit its use as shown in figure 4.
Materials and Methods: 2573 Saudi Arabian patients treated surgically for acute appendicitis between January 2003 and December 2012 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria included adult patients. diagnosed initially
A total of 200 patients enter this two-treatment parallel-design study. The probability (power) is 94 percent that the study will detect a treatment difference at a two-sided 0.05 significance level. Plan for data analysis:
“Illnesses from bagged spinach in 2006 led to a nationwide scare and the virtual suspension of all fresh bagged spinach sales in America, but there were only three known deaths. In 2011, listeria on melons from Colorado caused the single worst food-borne disease outbreak since 1985, but with only 33 known deaths” (Paarlberg, 186).
A laparoscopic approach appears to be associated with a reduction in surgical trauma and blood loss. In addition, it is presumable that some of the benefits of minimally invasive surgery such as reduced analgesic requirements, a shorter recovery period and reduced hospital stay (Kuhry, 2005). It has become a forerunner in the quest of improving surgical results by dropping postoperative pain and lessening recovery time. Yet, the use of laparoscopic instruments can be awkward and cumbersome, thus escalating operative time and dropping dexterity, which can
Have you ever met anyone that knew you belonged in your life, no matter what? That’s who Tyler Davis is to me. He is the love of my life, my other (he would say better) half, and my absolute best friend. The way we met, to some, was unconventional, but to me, it was fate.
Procter & Gamble (P&G) serves individuals around the world with the most influential collections of entrusted, superiority, leadership brands. To recognize the value of P&G corporate philanthropy movement, you need to recognize its opportunities. Procter and Gamble's philanthropy is not limited to financial donations made by corporation and employees. The P&G supports projects to benefit the global communities in which the company operates with operations in over 90 countries, serves nearly 5 billion consumers around the globally with its brands, services, and sales in over 150 nations.