Bipolar 2 Research Paper

People with bipolar disorder type 2 have never had full mania. Instead they experience periods of high energy levels and impulsiveness that are not as extreme as mania (called hypomania) . These periods alternate with episodes of depression.

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive disorder (MDD), affects people of all races, colors, and economic backgrounds. Approximately two million Americans aged 18 and older are affected by this disorder.

Bipolar disorder deals with many aspects in a person life. It will affect their mood, behavior, cognitive, psych, sleep and body as a whole.

Bipolar disorder is a challenge facing many people around the world. Bipolar disorder is a brain illness that causes unusual wavering changes in a person’s mood. However, the mood wavering changes that bipolar sufferers experience are sometimes so severe that it can affect their work performance, school activities or day to day living. But the good news is that while the illness is chronic, bipolar disorder can be treated so that persons with the disorder can lead healthy, happy lives and be the best that they can be.

Bipolar II disorder is primarily characterized by states of hypomania and depression, which often impair a person’s ability to function in a social, work, or familial setting. Depression is more often an impairment than hypomania, and is frequently the reason a person might seek counseling.

As per DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association (APA), 2013) criteria, the two key BPD-II symptoms are episodes of recurrent depression and an episode/s of hypomania whereby some individuals rapid cycling between hypomanic and depressive states in short periods of time, significantly impacting work, family and social environments. Diagnosing BPD-II is of great sleuth work on the clinician’s part as hypomanic symptoms are not easily

Bipolar Disorder, or what used to be known as manic-depressive illness is a mental disorder that can be characterised by different moods that swing back and forth. The two moods are also dependent on how severe someone has this disorder and they swing back from a low depression state, to a high elevated state, highly manic and irritable.

Bipolar disorder is not easily diagnosed and can go without detection for years. Signs of bipolar disorder often appear in mid to late teens or early adult years. Many symptoms such as mood swings can lead to poor performance in a job or school, damaging relationship and even suicide if not treated. When treated with the correct balance of medications and psychotherapy, people with bipolar disorder can control their mood swings and other symptoms.

One of the things that causes bipolar disorder are genetics/family history. People with certain genes are more likely to be diagnosed with bipolar disorder. As stated by the Seven Hills Hospital. “ Estimates have been provided that state that when a child has one parent who has bipolar disorder, he or she is 15%-25% more likely to develop the illness as well. However, bipolar disorder has also been known to develop in individuals who do not have a similar family history. (Np). This shows that there is a pretty high chance of one developing this disorder, if a family member already has it. Another cause of this disorder is the environment that one lives in. Two of the things that contribute to the onset of this disorder are substance abuse or suffering from severe trauma. Those are some of the different things that can cause or onset bipolar

To understand bipolar disorder, you need to know the causes. “Bipolar is highly recognized as a treatable disorder” (Cherney & Krans, 2016). Nordqvist states researchers discovered there isn’t just one single cause but multiple causes. One of the causes is genetic, people have a higher risk if one of their blood relative has it. Another one is a brain-chemical imbalance, when the neurotransmitter isn’t balanced it can affect mood disorders. Hormonal problems are also one cause, having unbalanced hormones can cause bipolar disorder. One of the most causes is environmental, if someone has been abused or has mental stress and had a significant loss or other traumatic events. People need to know what bipolar disorder is and how affects someone to support in those who are in need for help.

Bipolar disorder has two types. Both are the same in severity but the symptoms occur differently. There is bipolar type 1, this is when a person has had a depressive episode and one or more severe manic episodes. It is treated more easily than the other type because the mood disturbances are further apart and more foreseeable (Mantere, 2010). With bipolar type 2, patients tend to have more depressive symptoms and must have had at least one hypomanic episode. They can be moody in-between their episodes. It is harder to treat than type 1 because type 2 is more likely to rapid cycle and have more frequent episodes (Mantere, 2010).

The cause of bipolar disorder is not completely known. Researches agree that there is a genetic component linked to the disorder. Studies show that first-degree relatives of people affected with bipolar disorder are about seven times more likely to develop bipolar disorder (4). Twin studies show if one identical twin has bipolar disorder, the second one has a 70% chance of developing the disorder within his/her lifetime. Despite the observations

Bipolar disorder is a very common mental illness that affects many Americans ,as well as, the rest of the world. The illness does not discriminate, it can affect rich people, poor people, and any race, it can affect males and females, children and adults. There is no one definite criteria the disease seeks. The mental illness is known to be genetic, which means that if a parent has a history of bipolar disorder there is a good chance that the children will inherit the disorder. Outside of genetics manic depression can affect any one of us. Approximately 5.7 million adults in America are affected by bipolar disorder every year, according to the National Institute for Mental Health (2015) and is the sixth leading cause for disability in the world per World Health Organization (2015). So roughly 2.6% of Americas adults are combating depression and bipolar disorder. This is why it is very important for early diagnosis of the disorder to allow proper medical care to be obtained before the depression forces individuals into a downward spiral often feeling the only relief is suicide. It is believed that bipolar disorder symptoms are displayed in roughly the same amount of adolescents as adults, and that most of these teens would display destructive behavior in a manic state rather than exhibit a positive state of euphoria.

The onset of bipolar disorder is usually in late adolescence or early adulthood (7). It is possible for both children and adolescents to develop the disease as well. This usually happens when there is a family history for the disease. Children afflicted by bipolar disorder are usually more irritable and destructive during their manic states and are more prone to mixed states (9). It is even harder to diagnose bipolar disorder in children because it is often confused with other problems that occur at a younger age such as attention deficit disorder, conduct disorder, major depression, or schizophrenia (9).

Bipolar disorder is a manic-depressive psychiatric disorder that causes recurrent dramatic mood swings that range from a manic high to a depressive low (for example, they may have outbursts of anger, followed by crying, then a whirlwind of activity, followed by extreme lethargy). Fluctuations alternate over long time periods and appear in cycles throughout life. Between episodes, approximately two-thirds of bipolar patients are free of symptoms (normal mood), with the remainder experiencing residual symptoms.