Bipolar Disorder Case Study

Bipolar Disorder which many researchers and physicians also refer to as Manic Depression is a mental or mood disorder that affects approximately 5.7 million adults age 18 and over in the United States, or 2.6% of the population. Bipolar disorder affects an individual by he or she experiencing episodes of highs also referred to as mania by clinicians, and lows also known as depression. The length of these periods will vary from person to person and may last anywhere from a few short hours to days, weeks, or even months. When a person experiences a manic episode they may feel extremely happiness, irritability, hyperactivity and may need little to no sleep. During an episode of depression the individual may experience extreme sadness, hopelessness,

Multiple psychiatric comorbidities, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as well as anxiety, interfere with diagnosis and treatment and likely contribute to increased disease morbidity and mortality in general and to increased suicide risk in particular (Maletic, 2014). Bipolar disorder is also thought to have a genetic component as this disorder tends to run in families (Bipolar Disorder, 2014). Knowing that there may be a genetic component could help potentially diagnose sufferers of this disorder sooner than later. Granting, bipolar disorder cannot be cured there are many medications that can be used to treat this disorder so that the person affected by this disorder can life a functional

1. It is hypothesized that mood disorders are associated with heterogeneous dysregulation of the biogenic

Roughly thirty percent of Americans will experience some sort of mental disorder in their lifetime, such as bipolar disorder; a very complex disorder that is difficult to diagnose. The illness can affect anyone: Infants, adolescents and teenagers, adults, and the elderly. Seeking treatment is uncommon, being as people ignore the symptoms.

Choosing a topic to write my research essay over came pretty easily to me. I have grown up around my mothers best friend and never have I thought that she had an illness-that she was bipolar. She is a single mother, has a special needs son and is one of the most compassionate women I have ever met. She comes across as put together, supportive and outgoing; always seeming to have a positive outlook on life. It wasn’t until I was older that I learned about her childhood and her fight with bipolar disorder. As a child she had uncontrollable mood swings and was eventually diagnosed with bipolar disorder her sophomore year in college. She told me about her struggles and not comprehending why she was acting the way that she did, it intrigues

There many mental disorders that effect how a person and the person body interpret information and respond to the world. Bipolar disorder is a commonly known disorder that effects a fair amount of people today. It is a disorder that varies in degree and most people can learn how to live with and have a good life. This paper will discuss in more detail what Bipolar is and how it effects a person body physically, neurologically, emotionally, and spiritually.

Bipolar disorder which is also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes abnormal shifts in mood, activity levels, energy , and the capability to carry out simple day-day tasks. It also deals with a variety of mood swings that can make the person loose interest on what they were doing. Bipolar Disorder is a very serious medical condition, if not managed properly can lead to self-harm or even death. Twenty-five percent of individuals suffering from bipolar disorder end their life, while half have attempted suicide at some point in their life. With all the different types of treatment, many people with this disorder can live stable and productive lives.

Although many studies have shown that impaired neurotransmission of serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways are related to depression [2], the pathophysiology of depression is yet to be fully elucidated [3]. Several studies are being conducted to unravel the underlying mechanism in evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressants [4,5]. More so, chronic stress exposure has been found to cause atrophy of neurons in rodent hippocampus. [6,7] As such, decreased hippocampal plasticity might be closely connected to depression. Recent studies have found that administration of antidepressant agents to either stress-induced models or patients could heighten developed neurons in the hippocampus, which in turn attenuates the depression symptoms [8,9]. Researches have demonstrated that the expression of SYP is reduced in brain of depressed patients, suggesting a correlation to the pathophysiology of depression [10,11]. Brain magnetic resonance imaging shows that hippocampal volume is significantly smaller in patients with depression compared with normal control [12]. In vitro experiments have also established that depression ensues along with high levels of cell apoptosis as well as increased protein level of Beclin 1 and LC3 [13, 14]. Thus, apoptosis and autophagy

Nimh.gov defines bipolar disorder as “...a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks.” People with bipolar disorder experience two distinct periods; one period is depression, and the other is mania. It is possible for a person to experience both of these at the same time. Bipolar disorder is something that isn’t completely understood, but there is still a lot of information about it.

5. Administer Lithium (Lithobid) per providers order. Rationale: Lithium is an effective mood stabilizer which is the first choice in treating bipolar disorder.

Katy Perry’s song “Hot N Cold” comes to mind when I think of bipolar disorder, “You 're yes then you 're no, You 're in then you 're out, You 're up then you 're down.” This is the kind of general explanation that is given to give people an idea of what bipolar is. Not in the sense that it is rapid but it can be a battle between two ends. The National Institute of Mental Health defines bipolar disorder which is “also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks” (NIMH n.d.) There are a few different types of Bipolar Disorder commonly referred to as type 1 and type 2, although this is distinction is made more for diagnostic purposes not biological. I consider myself very familiar with bipolar disorder since there is a good chance I may develop it later in life and my mother has it and is currently unmediated. Currently, there are many different treatments for bipolar disorder that is dependent on the severity of the symptoms. Bipolar disorder has a great effect on the affected person’s psychology since it can not only affect the persons thought process but can completely change a person’s personality.

Mrs. Jarrell is a 53 year old female who presents to the ED via LEO under IVC. She reportedly expressed suicidal ideation by overdosing on prescribed medications to MCM. Per triage documentation by nursing staff Ms. Jarrell denies suicidal ideation, homicidal ideation, and symptoms of psychosis. At the time of the assessment Ms. Jarrell denies suicidal ideation, homicidal ideation, and psychosis. She appears to be 4X oriented. Ms. Jarrell reports she wants to go back to Old Vineyard Unit A because that's where she just left. She states, "I know I don't meet criteria, but I would like to go there just for a few more days until I can get into NorthPoint, that is my ultimate goal." Ms. Jarrell has a history of bipolar and reports compliance with

Does bipolar disorders affects only women?It has been recognized for centuries that the postpartum period is associated with mood disorders. The childbearing period is a time of substantial risk for the onset and recurrence of a mood episode, especially in women with bipolar disorder. Twenty-five to 65% of childbearing bipolar women reported a mood occurring at labor.

The use of drugs can be the most efficient method of treating Bipolar disorder; different types of drugs have been successful in easing the main symptoms; Mood stabilisers, antipsychotics and anticonvulsant are the main treatment types used. Lithium Carbonate is a first-line treatment in bipolar disorder as it is a long-term method of treatment for episodes of mania, hypomania and depression. Lithium can often subdue symptoms when a patient is in the midst of a manic episode, and it may also ameliorate the symptoms of a depressive episode. The single most important use for lithium, nonetheless, is in preventing new episodes of mania and depression. Lithium’s mechanism of action on the brain is still unknown; However, It has been speculated

However, the exact mechanism underlying the development of depression and antidepressant action is still elusive. Studies on depression have focused on the interactions between the monoamine neurotransmitters and their reuptake and the receptor proteins. The current antidepressants available by chemical synthesis have a high incidence of dangerous side effects and are inadequate for number of individuals [1].. Accordingly, it is of great significance to research for and develop more effective antidepressants with fewer drawbacks. Other mechanisms of depression development should also be considered, as they might provide potential effective targets should extend New approaches : with rapid onset antidepressants. broader efficacy, and fewer adverse