Bipolar Disorder II ( Bpd II )

Approximately 0.5-1 percent of Americans will develop bipolar II disorder in their lifetime, worldwide the prevalence is 0.4 percent (Rosenberg & Kosslyn, 2011). Bipolar disorder is one of the main causes of disability, because of its cognitive and functional impairment, the high rate of medical and psychiatric comorbidity, and the relevant suicide risk (Dell 'Osso, et al., 2016). Bipolar II disorder is one of the two most commonly diagnosed subtypes of Bipolar disorder, which are distinguished by the amount of burden the depression causes, the number, frequency, duration, and severity of the depressive episodes, and the occurrence of specific sub threshold episodes (Dell 'Osso, et al., 2016). Although bipolar II disorder diagnosis are on the rise we lack extensive research on the features and treatments of this disorder (Datto, Pottorf, Feeley, Laporte, & Liss, 2016). Bipolar II disorder is now recognized in the latest Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) under a new chapter dedicated specifically to bipolar disorders. Which proves that bipolar disorders are their own set of disorders in terms of symptomatology, family history, and genetics (Möller, et al., 2014). This allows an enhancement in the accuracy of diagnosis, which in turn leads to earlier treatment. In the DSM-5 it states that bipolar II disorder can lead to effects such as disability, comorbidity, mortality, and an impact on the quality of life (Datto, Pottorf,

Bipolar disorder is an often devastating mental illnesses, with high emotional, social and economic impact on the lives of patients and family members [Jin and McCrone, 2015; Miller et al., 2014]. In recent decades, there has been significant progress in developing diagnostic methods for reliably diagnosing severe bipolar disorder (bipolar disorder type I) and some related bipolar “spectrum” disorders (bipolar type II disorder), and there has also been recent progress in identifying some of the genetic loci (through linkage and association analyses) which contribute to severe bipolar disorder. Controversy remains, however, about the diagnostic borders of bipolar disorder, particularly in relation to schizophrenia and schizoaffective

Currently effecting between 2-4% of the overall population and as one of the leading causes of homelessness, suicide, and hospitalization, bipolar disorder is yet, still one of the most perplexing, as well as the most misunderstood mental disorders out there. With this particular disorder, the complexity arises given one’s predisposition, diversity, and non-specific range of hazards for said disorder; thusly, making a cure, or at best, prevention, difficult, if not impossible, if not for appropriate early intervention. Bipolar not only puts a strain on the economic condition of our country, but on the individual, as well as society as a whole; given, its propensity to bring about financial difficulties, employment difficulties, and poor self-esteem and this is simply three examples, out of quite possible a largely finite numeral of disparities realized within the afflicted, as well as the overall populace. Nothing left of what we deem normal will be left untainted, and with limited governmental funding and a lack of knowledge, mankind’s naïve, uncaring nature will only bring about less than desirable responses to treatment, medicinally or otherwise; given, the disorder is far more difficult to treat later in life. With the proximal factors of which occur within one 's own environment, such as acute

Bipolar disorder is an illness associated with mood swings ranging from high (manic) to low (depressive) (Sinacola & Peters-Strickland, 2012). Bipolar disorder is understood to originate biologically; however, in some cases environmental factors may trigger the illness. In addition, there are many types of bipolar disorders, such as type 1 and 2, cyclothymia, and rapid cycling. Bipolar Disorder Type presents symptoms such as manic, depressive, or mixed. Bipolar Disorder Type 2 is similar; yet, the mania is limited to hypomania. Meaning the high moods never come to a full-on manic episode. Cyclothymia is a milder form of the illness, where rapid cycling consists of four or more manic or depressive episodes. Furthermore, high rates of

Bipolar disorder is a serious mental disorder that is characterized by sudden intense shifts in mood, behavior and energy levels. Alcohol use disorder is a condition that is diagnosed when a patient’s drinking causes distress or harm (Dual Diagnosis.org, 2015). A large segment of the population is thought to suffer with both disorders; however, it is thought that many have yet to come forward (Ward, 2011). Often both of these disorders can cause distress in various aspects of one’s life. What is the relationship between bipolar disorder and alcohol abuse in adults thirty to fifty years old?

Bipolar II disorder is primarily characterized by states of hypomania and depression, which often impair a person’s ability to function in a social, work, or familial setting. Depression is more often an impairment than hypomania, and is frequently the reason a person might seek counseling.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe and chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by alternating episodes of major depression and mania. Episodes of mania are characterized by a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated mood and increased goal-oriented activity lasting at least one week. Diagnostic criteria for BD have shown two subsets of BD (BD I and BD II), which are differentiated by the severity of the manic episodes. BD I is characterized by traditional manic episodes while BD II is characterized by hypomanic episodes, which are less severe than manic episodes, experienced in BD I. Major depressive episodes are characterized by pervasive and persistent low mood that is accompanied by low self-esteem and anhedonia (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In the United States, BD has a lifetime and 12-month prevalence of approximately 5% (Merikangas et al., 2007) and has been ranked in the top six most debilitating illnesses in the world (Sanchez-Moreno et al., 2009). BD is likely to result from interactions between genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors that cause a widespread dysfunction across a wide range of neurobiological systems with current theories suggesting that BD can be conceptualized as a disorder of neuroplasticity (Machado-Vieira et al., 2014).

Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness, which involves hypomanic episodes, which are changes in someone’s usual mood. Originally, Bipolar Disorder was called manic depression because it does share similar symptoms with people diagnosed with depression. Bipolar Disorder is a severe condition because it can cause mania, which then causes hallucinations and paranoid rage. (Bipolar Disorder) Bipolar Disorder is classified into two categories, bipolar type 1 and bipolar type 2. Bipolar type 2 is more serious because there is more major depression episodes. (Bipolar Disorder) A study done by Revista Brasileria de Psiquitra, shows a higher prevalence of Bipolar Disorder type 1 but overall both are pretty low in the general population. (Clemente)

As one of the more common psychiatric disorders, as well as the most complex, Bipolar disorder is the leading causal factor of functional disability in which aberrations of mood are found in correlation with changes in behaviors, biological rhythms, and cognitive functions; being amongst the most severe of all psychological disorders, with the highest rates of homelessness, suicide, and hospitalization, as it concerns an estimated 2–4% of the population within then United State alone. For mania, in the year following hospitalization, often scarcer than 35% of those diagnosed will ever resume a station within the workforce. Unfortunately, statistically, those inflicted with bipolar disorder are 25% - 50% more like to attempt suicide and 11% more apt to follow through.

According to statistics (Abouhendy Wail, et al.), bipolar disorder is one of the most common psychiatric illness in America. The National Institute of Health classifies bipolar disorder as a mental health condition that “causes unusual changes in mood, activity levels, energy, and the ability to conduct day-to-day tasks.” The film “OF TWO MINDS” explore the struggles and challenges people living with bipolar disorder in America face on daily basis. These shifts can affect the individual’s ability to function normally thereby leading to a need for professional treatment. There is no known cause for bipolar disorder but it is associated with chemical imbalance in the brain, it affects both men and women. Moreover, the extreme

The DSM-5 is a comprehensive classification guide to mental disorders and is meant to serve practitioners with useful information in the recognition and diagnosis of mental disorders. The criterion provided in the DSM-5 gives a comprehensive, and useful guide to aid in the diagnostic, recognition, and comorbidity factors related to a bipolar diagnosis (BP). The most common factor associated with a BP diagnosis according to the American Psychiatric Association (2013), is distinct manic-depressive episodes characterized by abnormally fluctuating moods that are deleterious to an individual’s ability to function in life (p.123-139). However, the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM Task Force) states (2006), “Despite this clear delineation, most clinicians find that their mood-disordered patients experience a range…of patterns except for certain “textbook cases” (p. 108). Despite the seeming clear criterion for BP, it may still be difficult to recognize due to the mixed features it presents in

During ones’ college years can be the beginning of a bipolar disorder due to the students’ developmental stage in life. In the article the researcher investigated how a major mental illness, such as Bipolar disorder, can start during some students’ first years of college while going through other developmental changes in their life such as, adapting to their new college life and if, a mental illness. The study also investigated the different treatments available to the students throughout their college years. This is interesting because, this is a critical time in a students’ life developmental wise they are adjusting to the new environment of college and adjusting to their growing mental capabilities. According to Lejeune (2011, p. 666),

Therapist treating bipolar and related disorders must be well trained and cognizant of suicide prevention. Suicide risks are significantly higher for those experiencing this family of mental disorder (Biedel, Frueh, & Hersen, 2014). Therapists must take caution and use the best science when working with these patients to help prevent suicide.

The risk of suicide among persons afflicted with bipolar illness is unrealistically high. As many as 1 in 5 people with this disorder have committed suicide. This rate is nearly 30 times greater than that of the general population. Research suggests that people who commit