Bipolar I Disorder (BD): A Case Study

Approximately 0.5-1 percent of Americans will develop bipolar II disorder in their lifetime, worldwide the prevalence is 0.4 percent (Rosenberg & Kosslyn, 2011). Bipolar disorder is one of the main causes of disability, because of its cognitive and functional impairment, the high rate of medical and psychiatric comorbidity, and the relevant suicide risk (Dell 'Osso, et al., 2016). Bipolar II disorder is one of the two most commonly diagnosed subtypes of Bipolar disorder, which are distinguished by the amount of burden the depression causes, the number, frequency, duration, and severity of the depressive episodes, and the occurrence of specific sub threshold episodes (Dell 'Osso, et al., 2016). Although bipolar II disorder diagnosis are on the rise we lack extensive research on the features and treatments of this disorder (Datto, Pottorf, Feeley, Laporte, & Liss, 2016). Bipolar II disorder is now recognized in the latest Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) under a new chapter dedicated specifically to bipolar disorders. Which proves that bipolar disorders are their own set of disorders in terms of symptomatology, family history, and genetics (Möller, et al., 2014). This allows an enhancement in the accuracy of diagnosis, which in turn leads to earlier treatment. In the DSM-5 it states that bipolar II disorder can lead to effects such as disability, comorbidity, mortality, and an impact on the quality of life (Datto, Pottorf,

Bipolar disorder has been gaining more and more attention over the last few years. With shootings on the rise, or at least the publicity of them, people are often pointing their fingers at mental diseases including bipolar disorder. An ongoing issue regarding mental illnesses, however, is the population has failed to fully understand what they truly are, the symptoms, and how to treat them.

Prevalence Adolescent population ranges from 0.06-0.1 percent of general population, with prevalence rates as high as 5.7 percent with subthreshold manic symptoms. Over the past 15 years Bipolar diagnosis and treatment has increased 40 times with youth hospitalization rates increasing from 3.3 per 10,000 to 5.7 per 10,000 (Sadock et al, 2015). Adult Bipolar II disorder internationally is estimated at 0.3% with 0.8% prevalence in the United States (APA, 2013).

Currently effecting between 2-4% of the overall population and as one of the leading causes of homelessness, suicide, and hospitalization, bipolar disorder is yet, still one of the most perplexing, as well as the most misunderstood mental disorders out there. With this particular disorder, the complexity arises given one’s predisposition, diversity, and non-specific range of hazards for said disorder; thusly, making a cure, or at best, prevention, difficult, if not impossible, if not for appropriate early intervention. Bipolar not only puts a strain on the economic condition of our country, but on the individual, as well as society as a whole; given, its propensity to bring about financial difficulties, employment difficulties, and poor self-esteem and this is simply three examples, out of quite possible a largely finite numeral of disparities realized within the afflicted, as well as the overall populace. Nothing left of what we deem normal will be left untainted, and with limited governmental funding and a lack of knowledge, mankind’s naïve, uncaring nature will only bring about less than desirable responses to treatment, medicinally or otherwise; given, the disorder is far more difficult to treat later in life. With the proximal factors of which occur within one 's own environment, such as acute

Bipolar disorder is typically a condition that affects people in their late teens and early adulthood. It is usually not thought to affect a child but it is something that, if present at a young age, can seriously affect the way a child grows up. Bipolar disorder affects every aspect of a person’s life and is not as understood as it should be. Researchers are still looking for the cause of this illness and how it can be treated but overall it is a condition that many people are undereducated on and that is something I’m hoping this paper might be able to change for some.

(2000) explained that the prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorder is between 2.6% and 6.5%, which can be compared to the prevalence of drug abuse which is 4.4%. Bipolar can be classified as a spectrum disorder because it forms an umbrella for bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, cyclothymia, and bipolar disorder not otherwise specified. Unfortunately, bipolar spectrum disorders often go undiagnosed and therefore untreated. With that, Hirschfelt et all (2000), emphasizes the importance of recognizing this disorder. With recognition, these individuals can seek intervention for this disorder and decrease its symptoms and its progression. One way to diagnose this disorder is to screen for it by performing a mood disorder questionnaire. The researchers created a one-page, self-report, paper-and-pencil inventory that can be easily evaluated and administered. The questions were derived from the DSM-IV criteria at the time, but have been updated to the newest version’s clinical

The lifetime prevalence rate for Bipolar I Disorder is 0.6% and the 12-month prevalence rate is 0.4% of the overall population (Merikangas et al, 2011). The United States had the highest reported lifetime prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders with 4.4% and a 12-month prevalence of 2.8%. In addition, lifetime prevalence rates for bipolar I disorder were found to be slightly higher in males than in females. While much of the reported prevalence rates for bipolar disorder are based on adults 18 years and older, Merikangas et al. (2010) reported prevalence rates in the United States for adolescents including 3.3% for males and 2.6% for females. It was also reported that prevalence rates continue to steadily increase throughout

Bipolar Disorders are considered complex because of the episodes that are experienced. They include dysfunctional mood, potentially including major depressive episodes, mild to moderate depressive episodes, manic episodes, hypomanic episodes, and mixed episodes, which are often separated by periods of relatively normal mood. (BDII). There are two types of Bipolar Disorders that I will cover in this paper. They include Bipolar I disorder (BP-I) and Bipolar II disorder (BD-II).According to the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, as cited by Kleinman, Lowin, Flood, Gandhi, Edgell, and Revicki (2003), the lifetime prevalence by race and ethnicity for BD - I and BD - II, are as follows: Caucasian 0.8% and 0.4%, African American 1.0% and 0.6%, and Hispanic 0.7% and 0.5%.. Lifetime prevalence rate for Bipolar I is 0.6%and bipolar II it is 0.3% over a 12-month period (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). People who have Bipolar I disorder typically experience alternating episodes of depression and mania where there is a separation of some level of ‘normalcy’ in the sequence (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). For example, they might be depressed for 4 days feel normal for a couple of days than go into a manic episode. On the other hand, those with Bipolar II disorder they only experience depressive episodes and will not have an episode of mania.

Bipolar disorder is a common, recurrent, and overwhelming mood disorder, which causes extreme shifts in activity levels, mood, energy and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. This type of disorder does not only affect one group of people; it holds no prejudice. Bipolar disorder can sometimes be linked with several other disorders, including panic disorder, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and substance dependence. Many people assume that bipolar disorder only affects mood, which is incorrect. In fact, bipolar disorder also affects your energy level, judgment, memory, concentration, sleeping patterns, self-esteem and appetite. The first signs of this disorder usually appear in adolescence and early adulthood, with cases rarely occurring in childhood. No conclusions have been made to indicate a difference among those of different race or culture. There are many symptoms that a person is bipolar, but many are over-looked because they are seen as “normal”. This essay will discuss the primary causes of bipolar disorder, the genetic roots, study its symptoms and the different forms that it takes, look into its treatments, and examine possible cures.

Bipolar I disorder is a disorder in which individuals shift between major depression and mania (Comer, 2014). This disorder is seen more in people with low incomes (Comer, 2014). The onset of this disorder is between 15 and 44 years of age (Comer, 2014). A person’s manic and depressive episodes may subside, but they typically recur at another time during the person’s life (McClure). During the manic state of a person’s bipolar disorder, individuals tend to be filled with optimism, are very energetic, active, and typically get a little sleep (Comer, 2014). Furthermore, these individuals are very motivated and seek out constant companionship, involvement, and excitement (Comer, 2014). However, people with bipolar I disorder shift into major depression (Comer, 2014). The depressive state usually is more experienced than mania (Comer, 2014). During this state, individuals experience the lows of

In life people go through experiences that cause their moods to change for the better or for the worse. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the operational definition of bipolar disorder, identify the additional specifiers, comorbidity, prevalence and discuss the cost of treating the disorder. Also, a detailed explanation will be provided about the population most impacted by the selected disorder and evidence-based approaches to assessing the disorder will be presented. In addition, evidence-based treatment approaches to address the disorder will be displayed. Last, a summary will be shared by relating an intervention from the evidence-based treatment approach to each of the themes of School of Social Work Advocacy, Empowerment and transformation.

The evidence found within the literature suggests that a serious problem in the United States is the inappropriate treatment of bipolar disorder (Merikangas, Akiskal, Angst, Greenberg, Hirschfeld, Petukhova, & Kessler, 2007). According to Merikangas et al., (2007), the leading cause of premature mortality as a result of suicide and associated medical conditions is bipolar disorder. This population is also at an increased risk of unfavorable outcomes due to their recurrent periods of mania, depression and psychotic episodes combined with their substance use and unstable living environments (Kilbourne, Bauer, Pincus, Williford, Kirk, & Beresford, 2005). Patients with bipolar disorder may also be at risk for being under-diagnosed and/or misdiagnosed. Researcher have learned that patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder have actually had Borderline

While reading these articles I noticed many of them had similar themes. One of the common themes throughout these articles is the need to continuously do more research and provide more resources for the caretakers. Another recurring topic in the articles was the importance family relationships have on the individual with bipolar disorder and their outcomes with treatment, along with how these interactions affect the other members of the family. A strength that was present in each article was the depth of detail presented in each study; this description will make it easier to replicate the studies. These commonalities throughout the articles may be