Birmingham Budget Proposal

The governing core of South San Francisco is the city council, which creates municipal laws and the overall policy, decides how to expend treasury, assigns members to all consultative local businesses and represents the city officially. The city council`s members are Richard A. Garbarino as a mayor, Mark N. Addiego as a vice mayor, Pradeep Gupta, Karyl Matsumoto and Liza Normandy.

The City of Bend, Oregon Government consists of approximately 500 employees across thirteen different divisions. These divisions are Police, Fire, Community Development, Public Works, etc and are all coordinated under the City Manager’s office. Bend’s government style is called a “weak mayor” form of city government, in that the citizens elect a city council, which then elects a mayor from among the council members. The city council and mayor, then hire a City Manager to run the day to day operations of the city. In doing this form of government, the City Manager is not directly accountable to the citizens and can focus on the needs of the city and its employees. At the same time, the City Council can only provide direction to the city manager and is accountable to the citizens. The city employees in this case are led by the city manager as directed by city council. The community leadership environment in this case is established by council to provide direction to the city manager.

The budget process is a powerful planning tool for government to make important resource decisions. According the Carney and Schoenfeld‘s article on How to read a Budget, an operating budget is a reflection of government’s financial plans. When a budget is

held at the call of the mayor, there are 6 district commissioners. District Commissioner 1-

With regard to a mayor-council form, the system itself is based upon the presence of numerous factors which lead to the creation of a range of types which share one basic foundation. As suggested by the premise of this form of local government, the primary actors which come together to continue the sustenance of this framework include the mayor and the council, both of which must be elected (Center for Governmental Research 1). Consequently, the presence of these two parties within the wider framework entails the extent to which each actor holds a certain degree or extent of authority in managing the affairs of the city, this notion implies that the distribution of power and authority maybe classified as relative or absolute wherein it may favor the elected mayor or the elected council in terms of possession of power on the basis of the chosen variation of the mayor-council form of government.

The Commissioners Court is required to adopt a final budget by no later than the close of the calendar year. This annual budget serves as the foundation for the County’s financial planning and control. The budget includes appropriations for the general fund, certain special revenue funds, debt service funds, and proprietary funds. The budget is prepared by fund, function, department, and object codes. Transfer of appropriations between departments requires the approval of Commissioners Court.

In April and May of 1963, Birmingham, Alabama was a focal point for the civil rights movement. Birmingham was home to one of the most violent cells of the KKK and violence against black people was so commonplace (especially in the form of explosives) that it was referred to as “Bombingham.” It was these conditions that lead Martin Luther King to arrive and organize a series of non-violent protests in the city. These protests were relatively low key and weren’t very well attended. This was due to the fact that political rivalries between King’s organization, the SCLC, and other civil right’s organizations like CORE and the NAACP. However, the Birmingham protests soon became headlines due to the response of the city’s police

There are numerous techniques the mayor can use to create effective teamwork among city employees one of which is an atmosphere of accountability and trust as a common goal. The American Management Association (2014) stated, “When people work together in a climate of trust and responsibility toward a common goal, they put aside turf issues and politics and focus on the tasks to be done. This

Following the campaign, various civil rights leaders met with some of Birmingham’s local business owners, and came to an agreement to desegregate Birmingham’s downtown shops and offer equal employment under a basis of “nondiscrimination,” while Birmingham city leaders agreed to release all arrested demonstrators from Birmingham jails (Birmingham Desegregation Campaign”). In addition, the worldwide outrage sparked by the Birmingham Campaign was one of the leading motivations for the Civil Rights Act of 1964, in which discrimination of any type based on race, color, gender, national origin, or religion was outlawed. Ultimately, the Birmingham campaign laid the foundation for a future of racial justice in the

The formal structure has the City attorney at the top of the organizational chart. There is a director and assistant director who are responsible for overseeing the entire office. There are four supervisors who report directly to the assistant director.

elected separately from the council, and is often a full-time and paid position with a significant administrative and budgetary authority. This form of government, the elected City Council sets policies for the operation of the City. The City Council enacts Ordinances, the laws of the City, adopts Resolutions authorizing actions on behalf of the City, reviews plan for development, and establishes the policies by which the City is governed. The City Council consists of seven members a Mayor and two Councilmember 's elected citywide and four additional Councilmember 's elected by individual districts. The administrative responsibility of the City rests with the City Manager, who is appointed by the City Council upon recommendation of the Mayor. Each Councilmember is

Robert Reichert is the mayor of the city of Macon which is a part of Bibb currently governed by a five member County Commission, with four commissioners elected from individual districts in the county and a chairman elected countywide. A chief administrative officer is appointed by the commission runs the daily affairs of the government.

The budgeted income statement, cash flows, and balance sheet follow in order. The income budget relies on the revenue and expense forecast from the operating budget, while the budget cash flows are planned for financial and investment activities. A final component of the budget process, the projected balance statement, can be used to tie in all the budgeting dependencies. Once a budget has been prepared, evaluation can be expected before approval. Budgetary components may require several iterations before finalizing the organizational budget.

By the 16th century the number of people inhabiting Birmingham grew rapidly. There were around 1.800 inhabitants by 1547, and more than 2,000 inhabitants by 1560.

Budgetary cycle in Malaysia, consist of four stages which are planning, budget preparation, budget implementation and budget evaluation. In first stage, government organisations are accountable in planning the budget target. Also, they require planning activities and programs for following year with efficiency. Second stage, budget is prepared and approved. Third stage, after Parliament has been approved the budget; a General Allocation Warrant to the Accountant General’s office will issue by the Finance Minister. It is as an authority for Accountant General’s office to expend the consolidated funds required for the expenditure. Government organisations are accountable to keep all accounting records in a vote book; so that, the allocation gets control and the expenditure occurred has been account. Fourth stage, the final of budgetary process cycle, Accountant General’s Department, Auditor General’s Department, Parliament and others will involve. According to the Federal Constitution Article 106 and 107, all public accounts have to be audited by the Auditor General’s Department and must be presented in Parliament. Thus, government organisations shall be update and present all information to the Auditor General with accurately and completely to ensure that there is no misuse of public fund. Auditor General will audit, examine and evaluate the financial performance of the government organisation’s