Birth Of Stars Research Paper

When stars died, chemicals other than hydrogen and helium formed, which led to the next level of complexity—Heavier Chemical Element. Most stars spent about 90% of their life over billions of years on during protons and hydrogen nuclei into helium nuclei. When they run out of fuel, the furnace at the center of the star stopped supporting the star, and gravity took over. Small stars did not have much pressure at the center. They burned hydrogen slowly over billions of years at relatively low temperatures. When they died, they would slowly fade away. However, great stars had so much mass that they can create enormous pressures and temperature, and when the giant stars ran out of hydrogen, the temperature got cranked up even higher, which led the star to collapse. The high temperature that the collapse caused was able to make helium nuclei fuse into nuclei of carbon. When a star used up its helium, it collapsed again, and the cycle started over. The star heated up and began to fuse carbon to form

Star formation is a rather simple process. Gasses in space clump together with dust and rock. Over millions of years these materials begin to form small orbs. Eventually it the clump will get big enough to create gravity. The core will become hot from the constant pressure and will use hydrogen to make helium using nuclear fusion. This fusions creates a tremendous amount of energy creating a fiery ball in space.

The larger a star, the shorter their lifespan is, and they explode as supernovae, blasting out powerful shockwaves that create a chain-reaction that spews throughout the galaxy. Within just a few million years, the galaxy is forming stars up to hundreds of times more than a normal galaxy would. When all of the gas available is used up in about ten million years, the galaxy calms down and the period

Stars, such as our sun begin their life in an entirely different form from the one we come to recognize. Their lives begin in the bitter cold, around 10 degrees Kelvin, which is only a few degrees above the 3 degrees Kelvin temperature of the background of space itself. Their density is also extremely sparse, with a density of around 1 billion particles per cubic metre, which is only a wisp in comparison to the density of around 1410 kilograms per cubic metre that the sun like star will have during its time on the main sequence. Although they may be quite low in density, the clouds are absolutely enormous, spanning up to tens of parsecs (an astronomical unit of measurement that is determined to be around 19 trillion miles) across. In these clouds, there is an abundance of molecular and atomic gases of various types, which will serve as the rough material that will be used to create the stars and solar systems. Hydrogen is the most abundant element found within these clouds, although they can also contain many other trace elements of metals and gasses.

The life cycle of the star is a long process that has taken place for billions of years and will continue to take place long after our star is no longer in existence. In this essay I will be explaining the magnificent process of how a star is first born till the end of its life cycle. First, I will be explaining how the star is first formed in all its beauty big or small. Then, I will be explaining the path of an average star like our own sun will take. After, I will be explaining the journey of a massive star in all its glory till its destructive end. All stars are first formed in clouds of gas called nebulae, turbulence deep within the nebulae causes cores to form as the mass begins to grow the nebulae begins to collapse upon itself due to

seen day and night in the sky. It is now known as the crab nebula, and is a breeding ground for smaller stars. Another way for a supernova to be created, is when a white dwarf siphons off hydrogen from another star to the point where it will become unstable and explode.

Fusion occurs naturally in environments where a sufficiently large amount of matter is collapsed under gravitational pressure that atoms are stripped of their electrons and nuclei have a sufficiently low mean free path (i.e. their density is fairly high). The aggregate of matter forming such an object is then usually referred to as a star.

All stars are born in nebulae. Nebulae are huge cold clouds of gas and dust. The formation of protostars requires huge clouds of gas and dust collapsing under gravitational forces. The stage of a protostar last an approximate of 50 million years. As stars grow, they also expand. When the core runs out of hydrogen and helium, the contacts and outer layers of the core expand, become cold, and the brightness decreases. This is also known as a Red Giant or a Red Supergiant which mainly consists of the star’s mass. After a while of beginning the process of its death it goes through other stages.

For smaller stars when the nuclear fuel is exhausted and there are no more nuclear reactions opposing gravity the repulsive forces among the electrons within the star eventually generate enough pressure to prevent further gravitational collapse. The star then starts to cool and “die peacefully” comparatively, this type of star is called a white dwarf. When a very massive star about fifteen times the mass of the Sun collapses after it has exhausted its nuclear fuel it explodes as a supernova (currently the largest explosions that are known to take place in space) eventually forming a black hole. [1.1][2]

Stars begin their life cycle as molecular clouds. Some event, such as a shockwave or collision of a galaxy, causes the cloud to collapse and form smaller pieces, which collapse inward on itself, and form a protostar. As the star collapses, gravitational energy creates heat, resulting in the rotation of the particles. During this phase of formation,

Stars a balls of gas that are luminous meaning that they give off light. Star first start transition begins from clouds, a cold molecule of hydrogen that gravitationally collapse creating fragments into many pieces that slowly form in to individual stars. Stars are then held by their own gravity and is made of 75% hydrogen and 25% helium two of the elements in the periodic table. Hydrogen has the symbol of H and is the lightest and also simplest element in the periodic. Helium had the symbol He and had the lowest boiling point compared to the other elements in the periodic table. As time eclipse stars converts elements of hydrogen to helium that is why the ratio of the sum is 70% hydrogen and 29% helium.

These stars usually lose their outer layers, which are mostly composed of hydrogen. As is known, many stars in our universe are binary star systems; binary star systems allow for the pair of stars to exchange mass and gravitationally affect one another. Because Wolf-Rayet stars are usually in binary systems, astronomers hypothesize that the star is growing because it is exchanging mass with the other star – essentially, it is gradually consuming the other star. Since the Wolf-Rayet star is surrounded by a large disk, it is possible that the Wolf-Rayet is forming a nebula (a disk) where star formation may occur, (5). The forming star now undergoes its own process of, as Voyobyov puts it, “cannibalism on astronomical scales,” (4). As observed with hydrodynamic simulations, “…gravitationally unstable disks can exhibit FU Orionis–type outbursts when fragments are driven onto the protostar…,” (2). In other words, more mass added to the disk that surrounds a forming star would make the disk unstable and cause fragmenting to occur. Hence, the fragments will most likely interact with the forming star causing these outbursts of energy (3). The outbursts of energy are caused by both of the reasons stated previously. According to astronomers, the one idea that has been ruled out, however, is that these stars are growing to the size of a Wolf-Rayet star solely by their stellar winds. In fact, their

In an attempt to discover more about compact ellipticals, an astronomer and his co-author made a shocking discovery. Alongside the discovery of runaway stars and star clusters, research has found that runaway galaxies also exist. These objects are considered runway due to the high speed movement and the velocity in which they escape and are caused by an important set of criteria. While not much is known about this newfound phenomena, researchers will continue to monitor and reach an understanding through their gathered data.

A star is a sparkling bundle of gas bound by gravity into a solitary object and is fueled by atomic combination at the center. There are trillions of stars in our universe and all are distinctive and extraordinary. Their mass, color, shape makes them all distinctive but mass is the only thing that makes them unique. There are numerous phases of stars life including main sequence stars, red giants, white dwarfs, neutron stars, and dark holes. All stars additionally have a lot of varieties in each one phase of life. The life of a star starts in a cloud, an incredible gathering of gas and dust. When enough mass has aggregated into a solitary item, gravity compels the mass to crumple into the middle. Because of weight and rubbing, the center gets so hot that it starts atomic combination and a protostar is made.

Main sequence stars like our own sun enduring in a state of nuclear fusion during which they will produce energy for billions of years by replacing hydrogen to helium. Stars change over billions of years. When their main sequence phase ends they pass through other states of existence according to their size and other characteristics. The larger a star's mass, the shorter its lifespan is. As stars move toward the end of their lives, much of their hydrogen will be converted to helium. Helium sinks to the star's core and raises the star's temperature—causing its outer shell to expand. These large, puffy stars are known as Red Giants. The red giant phase is actually a prelude to a star shedding its outer layers and becoming a small, dense body called a White Dwarf. White dwarfs cool down for billions and billions of years, until they finally go dark and produce no energy at all. Once this happens, scientists have yet to observe, such stars become known as Black Dwarfs. A few stars avoid this evolutionary path and instead go out with a bang, exploding as Supernovae. These violent explosions leave behind a small core that will then turn into something called a Neutron Star or even, if the remainder is large enough, it is then turned into something called a Black Hole.