Black-American School Closures

Education plays a very vital role in transforming an individual and provides him/her with basic qualities and adequate skill set to lead a good life. It is indeed one of the most important pillars of a nation’s development. In 2002, President Bush adopted “The No Child Left Behind law” (NCLB) for the Elementary and Secondary Education which held schools accountable for student outcomes. However, this act was increasingly controversial because there were concerns that the American education system was no longer internationally competitive.

When President George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) into law in 2002, the legislation had one goal-- to improve educational equity for all students in the United States by implementing standards for student achievement and school district and teacher performance. Before the No Child Left Behind Act, the program of study for most schools was developed and implemented by individual states and local communities’ school boards. Proponents of the NCLB believed that lax oversight and lack of measurable standards by state and local communities was leading to the failure of the education system and required federal government intervention to correct. At the time, the Act seemed to be what the American educational system

Ever since the establishment of equal education in the United States, there has been a disparity in academic success between children of different races. The education of African American children has become a prime example of this. As discussed in the historical text, A Letter to My Nephew, which was written during the time of the civil rights movement in the 1950’s and 1960’s, African Americans were not given equal opportunities to succeed educationally and could do little to change their futures for the better. They had to work much harder than whites to receive even a portion of the recognition and success that whites achieved (Baldwin 1). Although many today believe America has overcome this problem, it still remains a pressing issue in many aspects of society, arguably the most important being education. The racial achievement gap, an important term to familiarize with when discussing this topic, refers to the disparity in educational performance between students of different races (National Education Association 1). As of now, although the education achievement gap has been narrowing, there still remains a large disparity between African Americans and their racial counterparts. According to a study by Roland G. Freyer and Steven D. Levitt, professors at Harvard University and W.E.B Du Bois Institute, respectively, African American students enter kindergarten already significantly behind children of other races, and their test scores continue to drop

During President Bush’s term, government became aware that American schooling needed major improvement. There was a need of a law which would improve the system while using scores to evaluate students as well as their teachers. "The fundamental principle of this bill is that every child can learn, we expect every child to learn, and you must show us whether or not every child is learning," (Secretary, 2002) President George W. Bush said on Jan. 8, 2002, signing ceremony of No Child Left Behind Act. However, this one size fits all approach revealed not be resourceful. "The goals of No Child Left Behind, the predecessor of this law, were the right ones: High standards. Accountability. Closing the achievement gap, but in practice, it often fell short. It didn 't always consider the specific needs of each community. It led to too much testing during classroom time. It often forced schools and school districts into

African American schools emerged from the landmark case of Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896 when the United States Supreme Court ruled in favor of separate but equal facilities for Whites and Blacks. This decision affected the use of all public facilities used by African Americans, including schools. Out of the forced separatism an unintended outcome was birthed: the “agency” of the African American community (Morris, 2004). During segregation effective all Black schools had strong leaders, a climate of high expectations, strong and competent teachers, and community support and participation (A. Randolph, 2004). African Americans banded together to create communities and opportunities for themselves in spite of the intended

In the primarily African American cities within the United States education in school systems is absolutely terrible. Not only that but also the children in the schools wouldn’t stay in them long enough to get a high school diploma. This mixed with the preconceptions southern white plantation owners had of African Americans circa 1860 led many people to believe that African Americans were not psychologically equal to people of other races and ethnicities. This series of transitive thinking made me wonder why are these school systems so bad? The answer was simple lack of

Across Amercia, low-income black children’s isolation has increased. It’s a problem not only poverty but also race. The share of black students attending schools that are more than 90 percent minority grew from 34 percent in 1989 to 39 percent in 2007. In 1989, black students typically attended schools in which 43 perecent of their fellow students were low income. By 2007 this figure has risen to 59 percent.(Orfield 2009)ascd.org

Race relations in America’s public schools have come a long way. The U.S Supreme Court ruling of Brown v. Board of Education deemed segregation in public schools unconstitutional, and started the process of integrating public schools . Yet, Kathleen McGrory, an education reporter for The Miami Herald, writes that creating and maintaining diversity in public schools is still difficult, even 56 years after the monumental court case. McGrory’s article states though the nation is now more racially and ethnically diverse than at any point in its history, American public schools’ demographics do not exhibit this diversity. In fact, the pierce includes a quotation from a University of Miami professor who studies education and sociology that

In 2002, then-president George W. Bush realized that the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 had been under much controversy since it played an insignificant role in reconstructing the performance of learners. In order to fill the loopholes in the ESEA, congress implemented the No Child Left Behind Act, which increased the federal role in the educational system in the country. In hopes of bridging the performance gap that had existed for students of low socioeconomic status, the act increased the responsibility of educators and schools.Within this essay, I shall be focusing on how the No Child Left Behind Act does the opposite of what it claims to achieve. The systematic use of testing as a powerful mechanism for decision making

Throughout the history of America issues around race have brought great debate and augments. Being a nation birth from ideals of freedom and undeniable human rights America has failed in being truthful to its founding. The treatment of African-American is an atrocity that stains the history of our nation’s past. Steps have been made to heal the injustice, but they are just steps. In this essay, I will be discussing school desegregation focusing on the landmark and controversial Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education and the effect is had on the nation and even the world. Many people ignore the fact school segregation has not been fixed. The Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education is just something people learn in their

Signed into law by George W. Bush on Jan. 8, 2002, The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was supposed to drastically mend education throughout America (Moe). It forced states to test students in reading and math in the third through eighth grades and further release the results to the state to assure the students were meeting the standards. The data gathered unveiled an astonishing achievement gap and to a certain extent highlighted schools and systems that needed vast improvements, but it also created a culture of teaching to the test, strict curriculums and put a massive amount of pressure on students and teachers to meet these high standards. Since 2002, the federal No Child Left Behind Act has

The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) signed into law by President George W. Bush on January 8, 2002, is a comprehensive overhaul of the federal governments requirements of state and local education systems (www.nclb.gov). It reauthorizes the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 and replaces the 1994 Improving Americas Schools Act.

The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act aim was to ensure all children receive fair and equal access to a high-quality education. It aims was to establish common standards that bridge the achievement gaps between students with disabilities, disadvantaged — high-and-low performing students and ethnic minority, and more advantaged students— non-minority students in reading, math, and science by the year 2014 (Angervil, 2015). It had a strong emphasis on states assessment and performance accountability. States reported their student proficiency and achievement annual and showed progression or have achieved the goal to receive funding.

Education is the foundation of American society. It empowers the youth of America to become the successful leaders this country needs for the future. Education has been one of America’s top priorities since 1965, when the Elementary and Secondary Education Act was passed. Now, education is controlled by the No Child Left Behind Act, which was launched in January 8, 2002. This act was passed with intentions from the government to provide Americans with a more superior education system. However, The No Child Left Behind Act carried many flaws which were left unseen to a vast majority of the public. This act limited American students by not allowing them to demonstrate their full academic potentials while proceeding in school. While the

“The No Child Left Behind Act promotes the idea that competition between schools will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the education system. At the same time, the rhetoric of NCLB maintains the progressive message of the “Common School” era” (Aske, Connolly, Corman, 107) In essence, it is contradictory. On the one hand the act wants competition so that students will learn more and want to achieve more. However, it also wants all schools to be on the same level or playing field so that they are equal. In order to achieve with competition some will have to be left behind, therefore there is no real way to measure actual achievement with a common school ideal.