Black Education: Mixed Schools Vs. Integrated Schools

As reconstruction begin, many whites in the South seemed to ignore the fact that Blacks were no longer slaves. The Southern states created laws called ‘Black Codes’ that restricted the rights of the freed slaves. “Black codes were laws that were passed in each of the former confederate states following the civil war that applied only to black people.” (Hine, Darlene Clark, et al. 303) The laws highlighted that blacks have no right to vote in elections. However, after the troops were sent to the South, Blacks’ right to vote and involve in public office were secured. Many whites complained about the policy, and some of them created secret organization called Ku Klux Klan. This group tried everything including extreme and inhumane violence to

There was a girl named Elizabeth Eckford and eight other African American teenagers in Little Rock, Arkansas. Like all other schools across the country, was segregated. Only white students were allowed. Everything was segregated, when I say everything I mean pretty much everything . The white people didn’t really want anything to do with the black people.

The Supreme Court planned to desegregate schools. “In September 1957, nine black teenagers hoped to break a racial wall at a school in Little Rock, Arkansas.” (Benson 1). Ernest Green, Minnijean Brown, Melba Pattillo, Terrence Roberts, Elizabeth Eckford, Thelma Mothershed, Gloria Ray, Jefferson Thomas, and Carlotta Walls were the students who became the little rock nine. (Lucas 7). Daisy Bates planned to help them get to school. (Lucas 5). “Many White Southern Parents did not want the black students to go school with white children.” (Lucas 13). All the black students were excited for the first day of school. (Lucas 12).

Whatever of good may have come in these years of change, the shadow of a deep disappointment rests upon the Negro people,--a disappointment all the more bitter because the unattained ideal was unbounded save by the simple ignorance of a lowly people. The first decade was merely a prolongation of the vain search for freedom, the boon that seemed ever barely to elude their grasp,--like a tantalizing will-o'-the-wisp, maddening and misleading the headless host. The holocaust of war, the terrors of the Ku-Klux Klan, the lies of carpet-baggers, the disorganization of industry, and the contradictory advice of friends and foes, left the bewildered serf with no new watchword beyond the old cry for freedom" (Chapter 1). They thought the Black people did not enjoy their deserved rights, like the 14th and 15th Amendments. 14th Amendments provided civil rights for African Americans, and15th Amendments provided voting rights for African Americans. Ku Klux Klan preventing African American from using the 15th Amendment to enable them to vote. Ku Klux Klan was the terrorist arm of the Southern Democratic Party. The immediate goal of these groups was to keep white and black Republicans away from polling places. Their violent tactics, targeted at black leaders, escalated during Reconstruction. White mobs killed three state legislators during these turbulent times.

One man was attacked by the KKK in his own home. They beat the man with pistols, later breaking into the school house and committing undisclosed crimes there. The authorities were reportedly aware of the hate organization, but they did nothing to stop their crimes.

However, it became apparent that blacks were rarely treated equal through there evidently being a huge disparity in the spending on white schools compared to black schools. Additionally, the Fourteenth Amendment “… passed a ruling stating that the Enforcement Act of 1871, which forbade meetings of Ku Klux Klan members, was unconstitutional.” (“The Supreme Court's Failure to Protect Blacks' Rights.”) Founded in 1866, the KKK extended into a majority of southern states by 1870 and became an established resistance to the economic and political equalities for African Americans which was what the Republican Party was correspondingly trying to pass during the Party’s Reconstruction-era. Therefore, there was a preservation of white supremacy which subsequently encouraged an increase in acts of violence against African Americas, especially directed towards those who were active in politics.

In early October, the Mother’s League of Central High and racist white students planned to have a “walk out” of school, to protest integration. Almost 200 kids participated, but some of them had gotten a bad feeling about it when they saw not many people were joining in. The ones who left the school went to a park near the school, where they hung up a black-looking straw dummy. They all took turns beating the dummy, kicking it, stabbing it, and then eventually burning it while other kids cheered. Some boys held Confederate Flags while they burned and beat the black dummy. None of the hostile kids were questioned by the police or in trouble by the school.

During the Reconstruction Era, Congress passed many laws to provide equal rights to people of color. But at the local level, specifically in the South, many Democrats took the law into their own hands. They supported the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) hoping to restore the pre-Civil War social hierarchy. The texts in Going to the Source illustrate two groups of individuals who opposed the KKK. In testimonies given by white witnesses, Republicans from the North felt the KKK posed a political and social danger in the South, but did not feel intimidated. The testimonies given by black witnesses were people who had experience of the Klan’s violence, and felt their lives were threatened. The Klan’s attacks on whites were more inclined towards social harassment, while their attacks on blacks, which consisted of voting intimidation and night rides, were violent and abusive because the KKK’s main goal was white supremacy.

This essay will be on the Segregation in Modern American Schools, how it affects the students, why it occurs, and the strides need to integrate. I picked this topic because I came from a town that was predominantly white. Therefore my school was predominantly white as well. I have always wondered if coming from this type of school has hindered my ability to interact with people of a different race, culture, or background. I also thought of how my education would have been different if I had been taught at a more diverse school. I would have learned more about other types of people not only from my teachers, but from my peers. I have always been interested in this topic and I think it affects more people than we think. Of course, it affects the students, but it also affects the teacher and the mass public. Culturally segregated schools are hindering learning environments. Black teachers teach at black schools, White teachers teach at white schools, so on and so forth with every race. The public is affected; because the schools in their area are not divers meaning their community is not diverse. Diversity is a catalyst for growth in all people. School and education is a great place to start the

One of the examples of racism that they still had to endure was the Klu Klux Klan or KKK as it would widely be known as. In “Klan Skepticism and Denial in Reconstruction-Era Public Discourse” by Elaine Frantz Parsons we hear just how bad the KKK was. “Klan violence began in late 1867 and remained at a substantial level” (Parsons 1). Elaine

Education has always been valued in the African American community. During slavery freed slaves and those held captive, organized to educate themselves. After emancipation the value of education became even more important to ex-slaves, as it was their emblem of freedom and a means to full participation in American Society (Newby & Tyack, 1971). During this time many schools for African Americans were both founded and maintained by African Americans. African Americans continued to provide education throughout their own communities well into the 1930’s (Green, McIntosh, Cook-Morales, & Robinson-Zanartu, 2005). The atmosphere of these schools resembled a family. The

Education was one of things that every parent wanted for their children regardless of whatever situation they were in. Public schools were segregated. In 1954 there was a lawsuit that ended legal segregation in public schools known as Brown V. Board of Education. In the fall of 1950, the NAACP sued on behalf of third-grader Linda Brown of Topeka, Kansas (Gates, 2013, p.323). Brown’s parents lived near a white school and wanted their daughter to attend that school because it was closer to their home than any other school that was around them. Thurgood Marshall was one of the lawyers for the NAACP during the time and argued that segregation condemns children, thinking that they lower than the whites that the Court had supposedly threw out in the Plessy case. The Court also heard from other families that were going through the same situation as Brown. May 17th, 1954, the Court ruled in favor of the black students. This decision allowed blacks to attend any public school that they

In this photo, there is a very well presented young woman with a white blouse and a black jacket this is a dress for a job interview. But there is a tense atmosphere between these two people. The girl is a bit confused but at the same time she is scared, nervous, and feels a frustration because she does not understand what this man is telling her. She tilts her body to the left giving a clear message of fear and even in her eyes, you can see a little fear. In her mind, she has a question mark because she does not understand what is happening with her and only manages to stay seated. However, this man who is the interviewer stands has a very aggressive attitude with her and has in his right hand a megaphone, which he uses to yell at her that

Logical problem explains that if evil exists then there must be no God. God is said to be all-knowing, all-powerful, and all-good. If God is morally perfect then God should have the desire to eliminate all evil, but evil still exists. The two, evil and God are inconsistent with each other. The evidential problem explains that there is an unnecessary evil in this world, and if God existed there would be no such thing. Therefore God is nonexistent.

Throughout my education, I had so many challenges I had to overcome. Dealing with school, personal life, and sports. Dealing with all of these problems has shaped me up as a person. I know now how to work for what I want, nothing is handed to me in life. That is something everyone needs to know, and now I know.