Black Kettle Research Paper

Sitting Bull once quoted, “If I agree to dispose of any part of our land to the white people I would feel guilty of taking food away from our children's mouths, and I do not wish to be that mean” ( "Sitting Bull Quotes ). Sitting Bull was a kind and compassionate man that had admiration for the Lakota tribe and the tribe's land, and was also known to have led the Lakota tribe to safety during the many years of defiance against the new American policies. Recognized and admired by the Lakota tribe, Sitting Bull was one of the most famous Native American Chiefs who was known for his bravery to bring fair treatment to his people.

In November of 1864 a chief by the name of Black Kettle a leader of a Cheyenne band traveled to Fort Lyon to surrender to the military, the fort commanders directed the indians to set up camp by Sand Creek. Also camped near the Cheyenne band was the third regiment, a volunteer group lead by John M. Chivington who would lead an attack on the Cheyenne, even though he was aware of their surrender. When his officers disagreed with him pointing out that an attack on the Cheyenne would violate the promise of safety and that they could be charged for murder Chivington supposedly responded with “Damn any man who sympathizes with Indians! I have come to kill Indians, and believe it is right and honorable to use any means under God’s heaven to kill Indians.” (Native America) Chivington carried out the orders to attack the camp in the morning, Black Kettle flew the American told his people not to be afraid as they saw the soldiers and heard the gunshots, because they were under the protection of the U.S. government, it is also reported that a white flag was also flown. Both were ignored as the soldiers attacked the camp and fought the warriors that stayed to allow their families and others to escape up the creek bed (Native America).Captain Silas Soule disagreed with Covington and ordered his men to stay out of the battle and remained onlookers to the massacre, helping neither side. Soule also wrote a letter describing the horrific details of the massacre to his former commanding officer stating that the massacre was “six or eight hours” , he also recounted the horrors committed by soldiers on women and children “One squaw was wounded and a fellow took a hatchet to finish her, she held her arms up to defend her, and he cut one arm off, and held the other with one hand and dashed the hatchet through her brain. One squaw with her two children, were on their

Big Foot was the chief of a subtribe of the Lakota called Miniconjou. He was very old and had pneumonia. He was taking his tribe to the Pine Ridge Reservation in south-western South Dakota.

The Sand Creek Massacre involved many native tribes, including the Cheyenne, Arapaho, Sioux, Kiowa, and Comanche. Among many of these tribes were the targeted, Black Kettle and White Antelope leaders of the Cheyenne. Left Hand and Little Raven were the Arapaho chiefs. “The Cheyenne and the Arapaho were the tribes that were mainly affected in this massacre.” (Hoig 15)

At the beginning of Black Elk Speaks, Black Elk and John Neihardt smoke the peace pipe then Black Elk begins his story. When Black Elk was still pretty young he and his tribe were involved in the Hundred slain war, and Black Elk also begins to hear strange voices. Later on Black Elk falls very ill, then two warriors come from the sky and bring Black Elk to the Flaming rainbow tepee, while he was there his six grandfathers gave him six very special gifts. After Black Elk got the gifts he was taught the horse dance, when Black Elk returned from his vision he went to see his cousin Crazy horse, later on Crazy Horse would be murdered by being stabbed in the back by a soldier. By this time most of the indians were forced to live on the reservations but one band of Lakotas escaped from the reservation and traveled north to Canada where Sitting Bull’s band was. The winters in Canada were too harsh for the Sioux so they reluctantly moved back to the reservation where they were given hardly anything. With Black Elk’s people losing hope he teaches them the dances he learned in his visions. When Black Elk learns of Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show he decides to go with him, after a few months doing shows in America Black Elk went to England. When the Lakotas were camped on Wounded Knee Creek, the wasichus came and murdered everyone in the camp including the women and children. After the battle the remaining Lakota surrendered they went to the reservation and the flowering tree dies. The

The author claims that Evans capitalized on the Hungates’ deaths quickly to get federal consent to recruit a third regiment of Colorado volunteers.” Black Kettle and other big Cheyenne and Arapahoe leaders met with Col. Chivington and Col. Evans in Denver in September of 1864. The purpose of this meeting was to

Sitting Bull was born around 1830 as Jumping Badger to Jumping Bull and Her-Holy-Door in the Grand River region of what is now South Dakota. He did not earn the name Sitting Bull until he matured into adolescence, and because no one called him Jumping Badger, he arned the nickname Hunkesni, or Slow, due to his deliberate pace and his introverted attitude. While he was a young child, Slow learned to hunt small game with a bow. As Sitting Bull grew older, he was more adamant about proving himself to his elders, killing his first buffalo at the age of ten, and by the time he was fourteen, he had accompanied a group of Lakota warriors on a raid of their rivals, the Crow. He also fought in the Dakota War of 1862, also known as the Sioux uprising.

The tribal government of the Cheyenne Indians was called the Council of Forty Four. It was formed by ten bands of the tribe. The council was made up of four chiefs from each band as well as four “Old Man” chiefs. Each chief served a ten year term. Every summer, the Council of Forty Four made decisions

Black Elk was born in 1863 in Wyoming (“Black Elk”). He would later become the Oglala Lakota holy man (“Black Elk – 1863-1950”). Chief Crazy Horse led a group of Sioux Native Americans in government resistance. Being Black Elk’s second cousin, Black Elk was able to closely see the actions of the government towards the Native Americans. In May of 1877, Chief

Founded in 1909, the NAACP (the National Association for the Advancement of White people) strived for the abolishment of segregation, the protection of blacks from lynching, and the destruction of the black codes. Lynching (lynch [verb]: to put to death (as by hanging) without legal sanction. Source) had been a common threat to black life after slavery was abolished in 1865. Usually carried out by a mob of whites, a person could be lynched for no reason, though the most common reason for a black to be lynched was a false accusation of murder or rape. And Blacks were not the only people who could be lynched. Any white during this time that sympathised with a black ran the risk of being lynched themselves. Between 1882 and 1962, approximately

Following the Civil War four million slaves in the United States were granted their freedom, immediately after the Union Victory America experienced a period known as “Reconstruction”, defined by its efforts to rebuild the country and integrate African Americans into society as citizens. During this era, radical reconstruction began to gain popularity in the northern states and through this form of reconstruction the 14th amendment was ratified, giving equal protection to all citizens, the 15th amendment was approved and gave African Americans the right to vote, and public education systems for former slaves were placed (Orson). As radical republicans took control over reconstruction, recently arrived northerners

Chief Spotted Elk gained many new members after 200 people left Sitting Bull’s Hunkpapa band. They were afraid that more police officers would arrive and detain them. Then, Spotted Elk, his band, and a handful of Hunkpapa left the Indian Reservation on the Cheyenne River. They fled to the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, under the control of Red Cloud, to obtain shelter from the repercussions they believed they faced.

Around 1831, a child was born in Hunkpapa Lakota, a tribe of Sioux residing in Grand River known as present-day Dakota for a very long time. That child was named Jumping Badger by his family; however, because of quiet and , everyone called him “Slow” during the boyhood. At the age of 10, that young boy killed his first buffalo and gave meat away to elders who could not hunt anymore. The next four years, he joined his first war party and struck a Crow warrior with a tomahawk. Celebrating for the child’s bravery and equanimity, the father gave him a name as Tatanka Iyotanka, which meant Sitting Bull.

The legend of Black Aggie is one of Baltimore’s most popular legends. You could ask anyone about Black Aggie and, most likely, they would have an experience of their own to share. To briefly explain, Aggie is a cemetery statue. She was located just a few miles outside of Baltimore City in Pikesville’s, Druid Ridge Cemetery. Her head is bowed and she is black in color and in mood. Surrounding Aggie, were dead trees and lifeless grass. Nothing would grow around her. During daylight, you can see the amazing detail and artistic beauty; however, when viewing her at night, her presence is ominous and threatening.

These tribes lived in what is now Province of Saskatchewan. In 1730, the tribes started to move because of they game they hunted were moving (Whitford, p.11). Because the tribe was so scattered this made it harder for the settlers to enter their territory (Whitford p.11). “In 1873 and 1874, the Blackfeet southern boundary was moved 200 miles north by Presidential orders and Congressional Acts” (Whitford p.11). The tribe was continuously moved. Not only were they moved, but also hunting for buffalo was a lot harder. They had to learn new ways to survive (Whitford p.11). In 1888, the boundaries were established and United States now wanted the Rock Mountains (Whitford, p. 11). This is still being disputed today on what as agreed on (Whitford