Black Market Organ Trafficking : The Illegal Act Of Exchanging Human Organs Or Tissues At An Agreed Price Essay

Krasnolutska also states that the Israeli-eastern European organ-trafficking rings extended their reach to the United States. In July 2009, the Justice Department charged Levy Rosenbaum, an Israeli in New York, with conspiracy of human organ trafficking. A Federal Bureau of Investigation agent caught Rosenbaum offering a kidney for $160,000 (Budiani-Saberi 37). Laws designed to prevent trafficking are currently unsuccessful. While prosecutors in places such as Israel, Brazil, Kosovo and Ukraine have successfully eliminated some of the organ-trading gangs, they’re still fighting powerful economic forces. “As long as there’s a worldwide shortage of legal donors for life-saving transplants, the exploitation of the poor will only grow. Unless governments around the world enforce existing laws on prohibiting procedures, the traffickers will continue to cultivate a growing legion of impoverished organ sellers who end up with an immense wad of cash,” says Glovin (Budiani-Saberi 39-40).

Over the last few decades, the number of patients on organ waiting lists in the US has continued to soar way above the number of organ donor. In some cases, patients have died waiting for organs from donors. According to available statistics, more than 100,000 patients are in the US transplant list waiting for organ donors. On the other hand, only 20% of these patients are likely to receive a legitimate organ donor and the fate of the other 80% lies in the balance (Rattenni 20). This shortage in the life saving organ transplant has led to a surge in illegal human trafficking cartels and black market vendor ready to exploit the desperate situation of these patients. In some cases, there have been cases of living donor ready to sale their organs for cash rewards.

Organ sales, to begin, are coming onto peoples radar due to the recent arrest and prosecution of, 69 year-old, Levy Rosenbaum. Rosenbaum will be the first person convicted, in the U.S., of organ trafficking. He is accused of selling three kidneys for over $400,000 over the black market and could face up to 20 years in prison. The organs in questions came from Israel and brought to America where it was purchased from a person who matched with the donor. The issue that arises here is, who are these organs coming from?

The desperation that rose as a result of the human organ shortage crisis led to the creation of an entire new business in the black market: transplant tourism. A similar term, called medical tourism, is defined as “the travel of residents of one country to another country for treatment” (Cohen, 2013). Like medical tourism, transplant tourism involves traveling as well, but with the motive of purchasing organs for transplant (Cohen, 2013). It is currently illegal in all countries—besides Iran, Singapore, and Saudi Arabia—to exchange human organs for money. Yet this particular black market still happens to thrive in many destination countries due to the government’s failure to monitor the issue or the absence of resources to detect its general occurrence. The parties involved in this business consist of three different categories: sellers, recipients, and brokers. The majority of sellers come from the poorest parts of Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India. The recipients come from the more affluent countries like the Middle East, south Asia, Europe, and North America. The brokers are the people running this particular black market and they reside in the countries where the illegal transplants occur: Istanbul, Cesenau, Moldova, Tel Aviv, and Manila—just to name a few (Cohen,

Organ trafficking is an illegal act that occurs globally. Traffickers are taking organs out of people using unhealthy medical procedures that cause serious health problems in many people in countries all over the world. Money is a strict motivation that keeps this black market running and increasing due to the disproportionate ratio of organs needed to survive, and organs available to transplant. There are many arguments revolving around the issue of organ donation in terms of ethics, limiting the ways people can donate. There is a very long process one would have to go through if considering donation, including a psychological examination in addition to the first part of the process to determine if the organ from the donor is a match for the recipient. Selling organs for profit is considered unethical as society views organ transplantation as an act that should be an altruistic donation, meaning that donations should be done without profit. Although there are laws restricting the act of organ trafficking, it is a growing industry because people do not understand the gravity of the damage being caused to targeted individuals and the community. In order to make a global change to put an end organ trafficking, people unaware of the activity should be educated of the act and the negative consequences it can have on multiple levels of the community. Organ trafficking can hurt an individual physically, mentally and financially

In the background, the black market is a thriving production that is producing billions of dollars worldwide each year. Exotic animals, prescription drugs, weapons, and other various items are being sold or traded illegally for cheaper prices and with easier access. Organs and other human body parts are among the most illegally

The expression 'organ trade or sale ' covers an extensive variety of various practices. Individuals most promptly connect it with the case in which one person (who may want or needs cash) pitches his or her kidney to another (who needs a kidney). However, there are different potential outcomes as well. One (in nations where the earlier consent of the deceased is required for cadaveric organ gift) is to pay individuals living now for rights over their body after death. Another (in nations where the consent of relatives is required for cadaveric organ gift) is to pay relatives for transplant rights over their as of late deceased friends and family 's bodies. ‘In the United States, the practice of selling

October 2011 marks the first proven case of black market organ trafficking in the United States. Levy Izhak, a New Yorker, pled guilty in federal court for illegally expediting kidney transplants. His lawyer claimed, “the transplants were successful and the donors and recipients are now leading full and healthy lives” because of the organ donation and receiving the transplant. Contradicting this principle is that the transaction of blood, semen and ovarian eggs are legal however it is illegal to sell organs in the United States.

Entailing that exploitation does not entail for a completely open and unregulated market for human organs. Although allowing the market to freely determine the price of human organs in the market economy, there are reasons in favor of regulation in which would enable authorities to monitor developments and react accordingly when the time is needed. Not only will authorities monitor developments, but excess regulation will be taken into precaution to prevent the indecent price escalation that would put organ donors in the hands of affluent buyers, and protect donors from corrupt middlemen whose primary interest is profit making. Legitimate sources would also be ensured for the organs and guidelines that would offset inequalities and injustice (Medical

Organ Trafficking, also known as transplant tourism is the illegal trade of human organs for transplantation. (UNOFC,2016). On the other hand, organ donation is the act of transplanting healthy organs and tissues from one person to another (Medline Plus,2015). It is no secret that organ supply cannot meet the rising demand, and because of that a global organ transplant black market has grown and flourished(Glaser,2005). Although there has been some effort to establish a global organ transplant resolution by the World Health Assembly and many countries have established a ban on organ trafficking. The implementation of these bans remain weak and ineffective. There also tends to be loopholes in these laws that encourage corruption(Glaser,2005). To reduce or eliminate organ trafficking, laws should be thoroughly explained strengthened to discourage many different interpretations. To play its part in decreasing organ trafficking, the USA should enact the presumed consent law where the opt-in system is amended to the opt-out system.

Throughout the world, people are beginning to live longer lives. From about 100 years ago, people’s lives have more than doubled, from an average of 34 years around the world, to an average of approximately 70 years today. Not only that, but the global population has gone from less than two billion to nearly seven billion people. While this may seemingly be a good thing, there are several problems attached to it. Due to poor diets, many people have to seek for organ donations. While some people can acquire their needed organs, many cannot get the organs they need. To supplement this demand, the black market has conducted the organ trade, highly focused in South-East Asia. In these countries, organ traffickers go to poor villages to exploit the desperate farmers living in those conditions. Although there are many questions about the organ trafficking, several important questions I aim to explore are how the organ black market in Asia work so efficiently, and what policies could be made to reduce the need for organ trafficking.

The expoliation is not only faced by the seller but also in some cases by the buyer. In both instances it tends to be the desperation of the situation that causes both to turn to the international organ trade. Therefore, to tackle transplant tourism effectively a worldwide uniform approach should be facilitated. According to Shimazono,this consensus and policy harmonisation could be achieved effectively. Before considering prohibition, the issues that facilitate the organ trade should be addressed first, this could be aided by establishing ways for researchers, policy makers and regulatory bodies from all countries to gather and share information. The next recommendation would be for source and host countries to deal with the original issues which are causing the desperation which is making these individuals vulnerable. After these aims are achieved, it is then vital to assess which approach is best suited to limit exploitation: prohibiting such conduct or regulating such conduct. In my opinion, in the interests of fairly balancing protection for vulnerable citizens and state paternalism which causes the restriction of liberty, a regulatory system would be the best alternative. Although both systems are flawed, there seems insufficient justifications for prohibiting the sale of organs, when the exploitation would not be reduced further than if the system was

Nowadays, selling organs is forbidden in most countries according to their express provisions, which shows protection from the government has already been undergoing and its present sensitives and awareness; it is unethical by selling the organ without letting the person know, by kidnapping or giving them sleeping pills. However, there are not enough organs to go around to everyone and not all people would want to donate their organs so by paying the people will increase the number of organs to have for people, however by allowing a human to sell body parts will also increase crime rate at the same time. Because selling human body part isn’t legal there are markets which sell these body parts illegally, ‘black market’.  Though both science

When people hear the words “human trafficking” they generally think of sex trafficking, as it receives a large portion of the media coverage. The little coverage given to organ trafficking, usually encompasses the extremes of abductions and removal of eyes of children in impoverished, undeveloped nations. While this is something that unfortunately happens, it can often overshadow and define organ trafficking with extreme parameters. The truth is, organ trafficking is a business that makes a lot of money. While various laws, declarations and guidelines exist to combat global organ trafficking, oftentimes many victims fall through the cracks and loopholes. Steps are being taken to close these gaps, but much social justice work remains to be

Organ trafficking has been highlighted, severally, as a rising concern by the United Nations and other international organizations like the World Health Organization. The effects of this latest vice are far-reaching and destroy many lives directly and indirectly. However, what is the solution to this problem? Actually, there are two dilemmas that need to be solved in order to make organ donation safer and formal. First, the trafficking of organs must be reduced and if possible eliminated to avoid the short-term and long-term negative consequences of the vice (Claybourne, 2012). Secondly, healthcare facilities, in collaboration with governments, should work out a