Black Soldier Fly Research Paper

The renewable energy that the Georges produced through the bio-gas is set up to offset the farm's electricity use and/or sell the power at wholesale rates to the local utility. In the article it stated that the change to bio-gas results in less odor-causing compounds in manure in a liquid storage system and the breaking down of manure in the digester changes the organic nitrogen into ammonium which is when spread on the fields it’ll become more readily available when consumed by the plants allowing for less nutrient runoff. Also reduces weeds appearing in the fields causing less weeds growing with crops. Another great thing about the digestion process it also reduces methane, a greenhouse gas, emissions (basically global warming) which would otherwise remain in the atmosphere for 9 to 15

Economic threshold depends greatly on the height of the plant. On average “around 20 or more larvae per sweep” (UC IPM, 2011).

METHODS: In this experiment, the instructor provided us with 30 ebony individuals and 20 wild type individuals. In order to get an exact amount of each type, we anesthetized the flies and counted them off by gently using a fine point paint brush. Then all 50 Drosophila were put into a population cage which had a lid that had six holes for the centrifuge tubes. Two food tubes and four clean, empty tubes were added on the first day. Each food tube consisted of half a cup full of food mixed with 6-7 milliliters of water. This was the fly medium. The food should turn blue once the water is added. Each tube was labeled with a number and with the date. Every two to three days we added one more food tube until all 6 tubes contained the fly medium. After all 6 tubes were filled, the following days after we exchanged the first food tube with a new food tube. At the end of the experiment, we fed the flies with a total of 8 food tubes. Then the flies were anesthetized, again. At the end of this four week lab, the number of living ebony and wild

A. The flies in the rural boxes were devoured by its predator (Spalangia), these small wasps, lay eggs into immature fly pupae after hatching, the wasp larvae feeds on the developing fly, killing it. This study suggests that stable flies are vulnerable out in the rural pastures rather than inside the feed lots where

In the BioOne Research article, Researcher have examined different fruits and vegetables acidics. The researchers collected fruits and vegetables to see how many were or not contained with larvae. With a fruit that have a strong acidic cause the sample to have less amount of larvae than the ones that did not have a high amount of acidic. As there result, researchers found that the citrus peels such as lemon or tangerine can reduce the amount of infested Queensland Fruit Fly larvae. At the table of the next page, you will see the classification of the Bactrocera Tryoni provided by National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and Integrated Taxonomic Information System

The use of parasitic wasps to control populations of House Flies and Stable Flies has also been researched to determine if the use of parasites is as effective in the control agricultural pests. In a study by Weinzierl and Jones, 1998, two species of parasitic wasps, Spalangia nigroaenea and Muscidifurax zaraptor, where reared and then released on four cattle feed lots in Illinois every Month from May to August for three years. The farms where monitored to determine if the release of the parasitic wasps reduced the populations of Stable and House Flies. Over the three year study it was found that the mortality rate of flies jumped to 60.7% , compared to a 51.7% mortality rate on feed lots where the parasitic wasps where not released. This was caused by the significant increase in pupal mortality due to parasitism. On feed lots where the wasps where present pupal mortality went up to 11.6% compared to the 6.4% on control

One critical problem of industrial feedlots is that they devastate the environment due to the grand scale of emissions, odors, and bi-products of the oversized “farms”. With tens of thousands of livestock, comes hundreds of thousands of pounds of waste and manure. Many times, feedlot owners allow the manure to settle in the lots without disposing of it properly because there is just too much of it to contain. This waste can seep into the ground, supersaturating the earth with nitrogen, ammonia, phosphorus, and oxygen-stealing compounds; moreover, manure serves as a breeding ground for diseases and pathogens. In an agricultural paper published by the University of Minnesota, Dr. Mindy Spiehs (animal scientist) and Dr. Sagar Goyal (molecular

The data does not support the hypothesis, since the products that produced more biogas were not the vegetable peelings and the cow manure. The average difference between the vegetable peelings (approximately 0.6 cm) and the mashed bananas (approximately 2.5 cm) were 1.9 cm

Don't eat that cookie or that hamburger bun if a fly has landed on it. Flies land in the most unlikely places - to us anyway - such as your garbage bin,

On the basis of optimum temperature and the temperature span in which the microorganisms are able to grow and metabolize they are classified into ‘temperature classes’. These classes are: (a) Mesophiles, (b) Thermophiles and (c) Psychrophiles. Temperature is one of the most important factor that influences the anaerobic digestion (AD). Many researches have been performed to evaluate the pros and cons of mesophilic, thermophilic and psychrophilic modes of sludge anaerobic digestion. Generally, sewage sludge is more widely treated by mesophilic anaerobic digestion compared to thermophilic digestion. Anaerobic psychrophiles have merely been found in the natural ecosystems that’s why we have little information about psychrophilic anaerobic reactors

You can clean your kitchen until it gleams, but until all potential breeding areas are located and eliminated, fruit flies will spread no matter how much you’ve scrubbed. Generally, they lay their eggs near the surface of fermenting foods and materials. Once they’ve hatched, the tiny larvae continue to feed near the surface of the fermenting mass. What’s worse, the reproductive potential of fruit flies is huge. So, if conditions are right they will lay about 500 eggs. And the entire lifecycle from egg to adult — happens in about one week.

Anaerobic Digestion, also known as biodigestion, is a biological process that occurs when organic matter is decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms in the absence of oxygen. This means organic matter is placed in a warm airtight location and left for bacteria to digest. Anaerobic digestion occurs naturally in swamps and bogs but is not difficult to mimic at a landfill site. So long as the anaerobic plant is properly monitored, biodigestion can allow the emission of methane (CH4), which is 22 times more potent as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide (CO2) (ADBA), to be almost completely controlled in a safe and low odor environment. With the high heat levels of anaerobic digestion, pathogenic organisms, like bacteria and fungus, and harmful weed seeds are destroyed. The economic benefits of anaerobic digestion is very dependent on the type and quantity of feedstock used, the length of time spent in the digester, as well as the utilisation of the by-products.

To develop an appropriate biogas purification technology for small-scale anaerobic digesters various commercially available large-scale purification methods are verified. The pros and cons of each available technology are discussed to utilize it in small biogas plant.

The biochemical reactions that take place in anaerobic ponds are the same as those occurring in anaerobic digesters, with a first phase of acidogenesis and a second slower-rate of methanogenesis. Ambient temperatures in hot-climate countries are conducive to these anaerobic reactions and expected BOD5 removals for different retention times in treating sewage have been given by Mara (1976) as shown in Table 2. More recently, Gambrill et al. (1986) have suggested conservative removals of BOD5 in anaerobic ponds as 40% below 10°C, at a design loading of 100 g/m3d, and 60% above 20°C, at a design loading of 300 g/m3d, with linear interpolation for operating temperature between 10 and 20°C. Higher removal rates are possible with industrial wastes, particularly those containing significant quantities of organic settleable solids. Of course, other environmental conditions in the ponds, particularly pH, must be suitable for the anaerobic microorganisms bringing about the breakdown of BOD.

Biogas is a clean environment friendly fuel. Raw biogas contains about 55–65% methane (CH4), 30–45% carbon dioxide (CO2), traces of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and fractions of water vapours.