`` Blackness `` : An Invisible Disposition Explored Through Free Enterprise And Invisible Man

Ralph Ellison, The Invisible Man displays Racism and how ones identity( black identity ) is affected by it. Ellison wrote his novel from the perspective of a black man living through the civil rights movement. Ralph Ellison shows through the narrator, the obstacles of a young black man living under the system of Western society and how race was reinforced in America in the 1950s. Ellison is cogent in

Kun Jong Lee’s article “Ellison’s Invisible Man: Emersonianism Revised” distinguishes that the protagonist uses the Emersonian theory to mediate his past and aid him in his search for identity (331). Lee presents the fact that racial differences are clearly evident but affirms that Emersonian theory establishes that despite the social movements of American history such as emancipation, there was still the idea of racial segregation. For example, Emerson makes a note that “Nations and races, like individuals, have each an especial destiny: some are to rule and others be ruled. No two distinctly-marked races can dwell together on equal terms” (334). Despite the intellectual differences such as the narrator’s eloquent speeches that defined who he was, Emerson still affirms that segregation is in favor of a superior race and that one ethnic group is therefore the dominate race.

Racism is an issue that blacks face, and have faced throughout history directly and indirectly. Ralph Ellison has done a great job in demonstrating the effects of racism on individual identity through a black narrator. Throughout the story, Ellison provides several examples of what the narrator faced in trying to make his-self visible and acceptable in the white culture. Ellison engages the reader so deeply in the occurrences through the narrator’s agony, confusion, and ambiguity. In order to understand the narrators plight, and to see things through his eyes, it is important to understand that main characters of the story which contributes to his plight as well as the era in which the story takes place.

The Autobiography of An Ex-Colored Man depicts the narrator as a liminal character. Beginning with an oblivious knowledge of race as a child, and which racial group he belonged, to his well knowing of “white” and “black” and the ability to pass as both. On the account of liminality, the narrator is presenting himself as an outsider. Because he is both a “white” and “black” male, he does not fit in with either racial group. In the autobiography of an Ex-colored man, James Weldon Johnson uses double consciousness to show the narrators stance as a person that gives up his birthright for the “privilege of whiteness”.

Imagine a person being labeled as inferior because of a complexion they cannot control. African Americans have been treated unfairly solely because of the color of their skin throughout history. The idea behind this is what is defined as colorism, which is the prejudice or discrimination against individual with a dark skin tone, typically among people of the same ethnic group (Oxford Dictionary). Colorism has been prominent throughout history, allowing discrimination and hatred towards people with darker skin, more specifically African Americans. In a world filled with racism, prejudice, discrimination, colorism is another factor that has similar effects when it comes to the treatment of African Americans. Martin Luther Kings Jr.’s, “Letter from Birmingham Jail” and Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man both connect to the role that colorism plays in the lives of African Americans. Martin Luther King’s letter explicitly explains how society influences colorism and how it creates injustices. Ellison’s novel gives further insight on the more psychological and personal affect colorism has on Black people by using lots of symbolism in the novel throughout the novel to portray it. Constantly being put down because of how dark someone is will eventually lower an individual’s confidence, knowing that they will miss out on opportunities simply because they have darker skin. Colorism negatively affects how people treat African Americans and also how African Americans feel about themselves.

Expectations were met with severe disappointment for most blacks in America following the Civil War. Rather than gifting African-Americans with the freedom they dreamt about and fought hard for, the Emancipation led to an achievement of an ambiguous status in society, which created a larger problem of race that W.E.B Du Bois discusses in The Souls of Black Folk. In order to introduce this problem, Du Bois employs the use of a metaphor that compares the post-war life of Blacks in America to being stuck within a Veil as most held distorted images of self and self-worth. His use of the Veil metaphor emphasizes the severity of the “Negro Problem” in an attempt to convince white Americans that, in order for real progress of American industry and culture to take place, the problem must be solved.

Written in a brilliant way, Ralph Ellison’s “Invisible Man” captures the attention of the reader for its multi-layered perfection. The novel focuses an African American living in Harlem, New York. The novelist does not name his protagonist for a couple of reasons. One reason is to show his confusion of personal identity and the other to show he is “invisible”. Thus he becomes every Black American who is in search of their own identity. He is a true representative of the black community in America who is socially and psychologically dominated everywhere. The narrator is invisible to others because he is seen by the stereotypes rather than his true identity. He takes on several identities to find acceptance from his peers, but eventually

Throughout all of the history of the United States of America, race has been a prevailing issue. Although the ways in which racism presented itself has changed, the prevalence of the problem has not. Ralph Ellison’s The Invisible Man does an excellent job of allowing some insight into the way racism has and still does impact the life and self identity of affected individuals. In this book, the narrator is faced with the challenges that come with being an African American in mid 1900s. The struggle first becomes something the narrator is aware of when his grandfather utters some troubling advice on his deathbed. He said in order to succeed in a white man’s world, you have to

Narrator is nameless. The narrator is the “invisible man” of the title. A black man in 1930s America, the narrator considers himself invisible because people never see his true self beneath the roles that stereotype and racial prejudice compel him to play. The narrator’s “illusions” are slowly destroyed through his experiences. The narrator struggles to combine his complexity as an individual with social responsibility.

The “big, red-lipped negro” summarizes exactly what the Invisible Man is trying to escape; the established prejudice of the early american white society. At the time, being black generalized a person into a single group. Where a white person could be a highly educated, smart lawyer or could simply be a homeless person on the street, however, if one was black, one was black, and nothing more. The Invisible Man tries to defy that stereotype by distinguishing himself. From writing the speech that gets him the scholarship to the University, to joining the Brotherhood for the sake of black progressiveness. He constantly tries to break free of the bigotry and stereotyping that confines him in the eyes of the white society. As he tries to escape the racism that surrounds him, he realizes that he is an Invisible Man, and will amount to nothing more than any black person walking down the street. The piece of early Americana represents his inability to escape the deeply-instilled bigotry in white society.2

Citizen, written by Claudia Rankine in 2014, narrates testimonies of systematic racism and every day micro aggressions through poems, essays, scripts and images. Rankine documents the racist encounters through the second person point of view for the reader to feel and understand the effects racism has on the body and mind. This paper will examine hypervisibility and invisibility of the black body embedded in the novel because of decades of racism. Rankine emphasizes the sensory emotions and feelings of the black body as a response to America’s reluctance to recognize and empathize with black men and women.

Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison was written in 1952, a time in which the African American community was facing new hardships that differed from the hardships of the generation before them. Slavery in the United States was outlawed in 1865 after the Civil War with the passing of the Thirteenth Amendment, but Jim Crow Laws, social norms, and inherited biases continued to make the “American Dream” virtually impossible for anyone whose skin color was darker than eggshell. Today, many of us believe that outright racism has been defeated; that because we eradicated sayings like “separate but equal”, and “white is right” means there is no way we are like the people in the 1800s or the early 1900s. In Invisible Man, Ellison highlights the differences between two generation’s problems, however, many of the stereotypes, phrases, and anecdotes Ellison utilizes in this work shines a light on our own generational issues with race.

Invisible Man, by Ralph Ellison, tells the story of a young, educated black man as he travels from the Deep South to the streets of Harlem, experiencing the oppression and the struggles of a dominantly white society. The narrator, who remains nameless throughout the entire novel, is on a search for his true identity. Along the way he meets many powerful white men who are more than willing to define him, often in the form of a document. While these papers seem to foreshadow good fortune for the narrator (whom I will refer to as IM), they are filled with nothing more than false dreams, and an underlying message to “keep this nigger- boy running.” The motif of documents is prevalent throughout Invisible Man, as IM accumulates several important papers such as his scholarship, his new Brotherhood identity, and the warning letter from Brother Jack. Each defines a social role, but together they show how the white men strive to keep IM “running a footrace against [himself]”(380).

Society had no need for laws to enforce segregation, time and tradition caused the separation among cultures. Through Invisible Man, Ellison could express the prejudice he had to put up with. “What and how much had I lost by trying to do only what was expected of me instead of what I myself had wished to do?” (Ellison 206). Ellison’s own words spoken through an outcast, have impacted the reader of this novel.

   In the early twentieth century black American writers started employing modernist ways of argumentation to come up with possible answers to the race question. Two of the most outstanding figures of them on both, the literary and the political level, were Richard Wright, the "most important voice in black American literature for the first half of the twentieth century" (Norton, 548) and his contemporary Ralph Ellison, "one of the most footnoted writers in American literary history" (Norton, 700). In this paper I want to compare Wright's autobiography "Black Boy" with Ellison's novel "Invisible Man" and, in doing so, assess the effectiveness of their conclusions.