Experiment 6:
Blackwood Ballistic Pendulum
September 18, 2013
Jamal Wright
Zachary Floyd
Christopher Wilson
Experiment 6
Blackwood Ballistic Pendulum
Jamal Wright, Zachary Floyd, Christopher Wilson
Abstract Our goal of this experiment is to determine muzzle velocity by two methods: 1) employing uniform linear motion relations, the kinematic equations; 2) using the principles of conservation of energy and momentum. In this paper, we aim to validate the law of conservation of momentum. We do so by comparing results from two experiments conducted with a single ballistic launcher/pendulum apparatus.
Hypothesis: The initial velocity of a ballistic pendulum can be determined using the law of conservation of momentum. Momentum
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When the ball hits the ground then y = H (since the positive y axis points downward.) By measuring the distance of fall and using that acceleration due to gravity, g, the time of flight t = Tflight, can be calculated with the following transformed kinematic equation:
Tflight = sqrt(2H/g)
The muzzle velocity, vmuzzle, (also the intitial velocity – vx0) of the ball after being fired is horizontal. From a measurement of the range, R, and using the time of flight, the muzzle velocity can be determined
Vmuzzle = Ravg/Tflight
The second method requires the determination of the muzzle velocity from the principle of conservation of momentum. The momentum of the ball just before it collides with the pendulum must equal the momentum of the ball and the pendulum just after the collision, pi = pf. To expand on this we see:
Mvmuzzle + MV = (m + M)V,
Where m is the mass of the ball, M is the mass of the pendulum and V is the velocity of the ball and the pendulum together. Note: the velocity of the ball and the pendulum, v, is initially zero. In order to find the velocity of the ball and the pendulum just after the collision we will use the principle of conservation of energy. Neglecting friction at the point of support of the pendulum, the gravitational potential energy must equal the kinetic energy of the ball and the pendulum at the bottom of the
The player has now compressed the spring in the ball shooter. The ball sitting in the ball shooter is at rest. It will be at rest until acted on by an unbalanced force. This is Newton’s first law of motion, the law of inertia (Kirkpatrick and Wheeler p31). The ball shooter is then released the spring decompresses and strikes the ball sending it up the incline to the top of the pinball playing field. The strike on the ball is called the impulse. The time interval it takes for the ball momentum to change. Since the ball has no momentum because it has zero velocity the ball shooter transfers its momentum at the impulse (The Ball Shooter 2003). This also takes place in the time frame of about a second.
If the ball is initial projected at an angle, then it will have a horizontal and vertical component. Therefore, the angle can be broken down into two equations, using trigonometry where the horizontal is u cosθ and the vertical is u sinθ.
2. The ball contains kinetic energy while in motion near the bottom of its path.
In light of our final exam, the chuck a duck project, we are to learn about projectiles, trajectory, and the factors that affect these things.
The Catcher in the Rye has been long wrung out and decoded, since its arrival on the scene of long-listed literary masterpieces. Every detail, every word and phrase has been carefully placed under a microscope by a scholar in hopes of finding an untouched pattern. The common motifs throughout the novel represent ideas of oneness and isolation, being the catcher and the caught, and the vital representation of foundational opposing binaries. This duality configuration places an air among those who live today; it becomes a fact all must face at one point or another. Of course, one may argue that the choices of opposite binaries does not, in fact, have to place a role in human nature and one may choose an optional gray area, but what is that gray
Let the mass of the fired bullet be Mb. It is fired at an initial velocity of v. The momentum
Projectile Motion is basically an object is getting launched in the air with any given velocity and angle due to gravitational forces. The kicker needs wind, because it helps the kicker push the ball forward when it’s in the air. Which makes the ball go further and higher. The wind creates a large amount of air resistance against
Lastly, the launch angle also has a great effect on the distance traveled. If projected at 90° the ball would only be thrown vertically upwards and back down to the person. There would be no horizontal change in position but a great maximum height. The greatest horizontal distance is reached between 40° and 50°. For this reason the launch angle affects the
The concept on projectile motion is how an object moving through space and affected by gravity only. The NFL football can show that in by hitting the ball, and it can be shown how it’s affected by gravity. When the football player hit the ball, the ball sails towards the sky and comes down. But a lot of us say, “how does gravity affects it?” so the ball gets kicks. When it is kick the ball sails up which that the vectors in vertical and horizontal acts. The vertical vector increases while the horizontal vector increase a little as well, and so when the gravity affects it the vertical vector stays the same while the horizontal increases really fast towards the
(Melvin, Mangonel - “Physics of Catapults”) The speed and distance of the projectile depended on how much force the catapult applied to the projectile, and the momentum depended on the mass and the velocity of the projectile (dead diseased cow, or flaming
The .45-70 delivers extraordinary power at close range, but is difficult to shoot accurately at longer ranges because it’s big and slow-moving bullets have a steep trajectory. While the .45-70 is relatively popular among black-powder silhouette shooters and among those who hunt big game in heavy cover, only a relatively small percentage of hunters utilize it. With a muzzle energy of about 1,600 foot pounds, this cartridge is one of the most powerful loads. The original black powder load pushed a cast lead bullet at a velocity of about 1,350 feet per second. A modern 300 grain load will fire at 2,280 foot pounds of energy at the muzzle. A 325 grain bullet has a muzzle velocity of 2,050 feet per second and a muzzle energy of 3,032 foot pounds. The hottest load ( Buffalo Bore 405 grain jacketed flat point) will fire at 2,000 feet per second and very large muzzle energy of 3,597 foot pounds. A drawback though is that is is only accurate out to about 200 yards and will drop almost 50 in. at 350 yards.
When dropping a ball at a specific height would the ball return to its original height after it rebounds? When you drop a jumpy ball, why doesn’t it come back to its normal height? Is there something do with the loss of energy stored in the ball? In order to find out the answers to these questions, First you need to explore what types of energies are stored in an object, what happens when the ball is bouncing and what energy law it follows. Also, you need to determine how to use the laws for your
The ball was then fired out of the cannon to get a rough estimate on the distance that it would travel.
Using the toy cars and track, the lab was conducted to prove that the momentum before a collision would be equal to the momentum after a collision. The most significant results that was produced by the experiment was that the momentum before the collision, being 0.05929 kg*m/s, and the momentum after, being 0.0682 kg*m/s, were not equal like they should have been. These results from the lab were not accurate in the fact that the before and after momentums were not the same, which helps to show that lab measurements will be slightly off due to inaccuracy of the lab equipment.
A simple pendulum consists of a mass that is attached to a string of length ‘L’ that is fixed to a point, in this case, a cork suspended by a clamp stand. This allows the mass to be suspended vertically downwards and allows it to be displayed at an angle that it swings. A period ‘T’ of oscillation is the time required for one complete swing. For this to happen ideally its mass must swing from an angle that is