Bladder Cancer

There are many symptoms that can cause suspicion of Prostate Cancer. While very few men show no signs or symptoms of this cancer many men show signs in their urine. (“Prostate Cancer”) Frequent urination, the frequent use of the bathroom, is one of the most common signs of Prostate Cancer. During the night a male that possibly has this cancer uses the bathroom 6 to 7 times. (“Fact Sheet”) Other symptoms may include blood in the urine or semen, delayed or slowed start of urinary stream and dribbling or leakage of urine. Bone pain or tenderness, along with pain in bowel movements, can also be a major symptom, but not as common. (“Prostate Cancer”) Although these are symptoms of Prostate Cancer, they can also be signs of other diseases and is recommended to see a doctor for diagnostic testing.

It must be emphasized that MVD evaluation under the microscope is somewhat subjective and inter-observer variation can be substantial (7) . So, we proceeded for the data analysis of the angiogenesis of the bladder lesions and correlating them with the type of cells, tumor stage, grade and incidence of recurrence.

What is the name of the process by which cancer cells break off of tumors and spread to other parts of the body?

In Egypt, the urinary bladder cancers accounts for 30.3% of all cancers, of which the

Renal cancer is the cancer of Kidney tissue cells, affecting the organs that help to filter and clean blood, and produce urine, and filter approximately two hundred quarts a day. The kidney organs also help to regulate blood pressure by producing hormones essential to its maintenance (WebMD.Com). Unlike other forms of cancer, renal cancer originates in the kidney cells and does not usually garner the same amount of national attention as breast, brain, and lung cancer, which are often given greater publicity (Kidney Cancer Association RSS). There are multiple types of renal cancer cells, such as the clear cancer cell, which makes up about seventy percent of all renal cancers. Other cell types includes the papillary kidney cancer cells, and

Name the cell-types that define carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and leukemia’s. Which type is most common?

First my father had to go through Transurethral Surgery, to remove the primary tumor from his bladder. During this procedure a resectoscope is passed through the urethra and into the bladder. This instrument has a wire loop attached at the end of it, which is used to scrape the tumor off the wall of the bladder. The tumor is then sent to the lab to be tested for cancer. The patient of this surgery can be placed on either regional anesthesia (patient’s lower body is numbed) or general anesthesia (patient is completely asleep). Side effects to this surgery can include bleeding and pain when urinating. This procedure is very effective because the tumor is completely removed from the bladder and the site is burned to ensure the base of the tumor was removed. My father has had this surgery twice in the past two years where they have successfully removed all of his tumors. He does suffer side effects from the transurethral surgery, such as vomiting, difficulty urinating, and is in a lot of pain, but it prevents him from having to go through Chemotherapy (American Cancer

Bladder is one of the organ which is part of the urinary system of body. The major function of the bladder is to store urine produced in the kidney prior to urination. The urinary system of the body ensures the removal of wastes and excess fluid from the body in the form of urine. To ensure normal urination to ensue, all the parts in the urinary system have to work in the right order. The process of urine elimination begins in the kidney and ends in the urethra. Human body is composed of a pair of kidneys which is bean-shaped and located right under the rib cage each on one side of the spine (Keast et al., 2015) (where in this Kanai paper is this mentioned?). The kidneys work in pairs to filter approximately 200 liters of blood per day so that any excess salt, water and urea, a

Urine cytology: Examining a urine sample under a microscope may reveal cancer cells that could come from the bladder, ureters or kidneys ("Leukemia Home Page - National Cancer Institute").

Bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the United States. It's the third most common cancer in men and the 11th in women. There are 16,870 deaths caused by bladder cancer and about 79,000 new cases each year. Some risks that can cause this type of cancer is the use of tobacco, family history of bladder cancer and genetic mutations. A sign that you may have bladder cancer, is blood in the urine, pain when urinating and frequent urination. Although some people may pass this sign off as a bladder infection, it is always a good idea to have a full body check up each year. Treatments for bladder cancer may include a BCG vaccination, radiation therapy, chemotherapy or the surgical removal of the bladder. Of course, treatments will vary

Bladder cancer also has another distinguishing sign: hematuria. Hematuria means “blood in urine”; this blood can be visible by the naked eye, or found by a microscopic examination of the urine. Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in males, with approximately 72,570 new cases being diagnosed in the United States each year. The most prevalent risk factor for bladder cancer is tobacco smoking. (“Bladder Cancer”, 2013) E.P. denies history of smoking.

Prostatic carcinoma is the most commonest threat in men and the moment driving cause of cancer passing in Western populaces.

This ability of malign cancer to make their way across basement membrane and into blood vessels is what makes cancer so fatal and impossible to be cure by surgery alone. The result of metastasis and invasion in normal tissue by cancer cells are often seen as one of the distinctive features of malignancy (Ruoslahti 1996). Even though the ability of invasion and metastasis are one of the hallmarks for cancer, these abilities are not unique to cancer cells as it can also occur during the early development stage of the embryo, in healthy organisms and in many noncancerous diseases (Mareel & Leroy 2003). It does not matter whenever the organism has developed benign or malign cancer, all cancer cells have the ability to disturb the normal cell cycle and threaten the survival of the organism.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with approximately 14 million new cases in 2012.2 The amount of new cases is expected to rise by about 70% over the next 2 decades. Cancer which causes nearly 1 in 6 deaths, is the second leading cause of death globally, and was responsible for 8.8 million deaths in 2015. Approximately 70% of deaths from cancer occur in low- and middle-income countries. In 2012 about 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred globally (not including skin cancer other than melanoma).3 The most common types of cancer in males are lung cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer and stomach cancer.

The bladder and urinary tract depict the epitome of various old age associated conditions. Urinary incontinence otherwise known as loss of bladder control is a common problem associated with aging. Besides old age, diabetes and other conditions also contribute to incontinence. Other common conditions include menopause for women and enlarged prostate for men.