Bladder Cancer Research Paper

Prostate Cancer is a disease in which there is an uncontrolled growth of cells that lines the ducts of the prostate gland. The abnormal cells can spread throughout the prostate and nearby organs, such as the seminal vesicles. If not caught early they can spread (metastasized) to other organs of the body through the lymph or blood stream. (“...Treatment...” 13) Prostate Cancer can be like a silent killer. Some may show signs and symptoms of this disease while others may not. Some symptoms may include frequent urination, blood in the urine or semen, delayed or slowed start of urinary stream and dribbling or leakage of urine. Diagnosis testing for Prostate Cancer are digital

The function of bladder is to hold urine the bladder is a sort of pouch found in the end of the genito-urinarian tract. Its function is to retain the urine of the body until it can be released to the urethra and out of the body.

The N category describes whether or not the cancer has spread into nearby lymph nodes.

The cardiovascular system plays an immensely important role in the urinary system, without proper blood supply to the kidneys there would be no filtration and no urine to pass into the bladder. Proper blood supply is essential and renal failure would be catastrophic to the process of urination. Maintaining healthy renal arteries and veins is very important also to the respiratory system which keeps the tissues oxygenated, without this the tissue could not perform the duties required or even stay alive. The immune system could undesirably affect the kidneys as well, which would impede the flow of urine to the bladder. Acute or systemic inflammation on the urinary system would directly affect the bladder as well, this is why we need the immune system to keep this inflammation at bay. Kidney damage from this would directly affect all the systems mentioned here, so it is very important to keep the immune system healthy not just for the sake of the urinary system but almost every system of the human body. The urinary system although often overlooked is extremely valuable and required to stay alive and maintain homeostasis. So is the bladder and if you appreciate the ability to hold your urine in until you can find a nearby restroom you should be thankful for it as

The day of my high school graduation, my parents received news that my father had a tumor in his bladder. A few weeks later the test results came back positive for cancer. In the past two years I have watched my dad go through many changes that were sad to observe as a daughter, but interesting to learn about as a future medical student. Although I do not know what type of bladder cancer my dad has, I do know he is in stage T1 of his cancer. My dad is doing better as of now, but I have always wanted to learn more about his cancer, and this assignment as given me that chance.

In the article, I read that cancer is evolving around many countries. The cancer classifies as an outrageous cell growth that can damage DNA. The bladder is a depressed organ located in the lower portion of the diaphragm that collects the urine produced by the kidneys. Bladder cancer affects older adults around the ages of 60 and up but can diagnostically happen early. Some symptoms include dark urine, frequent urination, and the common symptom is blood in the urine. These symptoms cause pain during urination. A common type of bladder cancer is urothelial carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma. Consequently, this causes the invasion of progressive, transitional cells of the wall and the vessels of the bladder broadcasting into other organs.

For some people with bladder cancer, treatment can remove or destroy the cancer. Completing treatment can be exciting and stressful. When cancer comes back after treatment it is called recurrence. For other people, bladder cancer may never go away completely. They may get regular treatments including chemotherapy or radiation therapy. If you’ve completed treatment, your doctor will still want to monitor you closely. The doctor may want to do a series of exams at each visit. If cancer does come back, treatment will depend on the location of the cancer and what treatments you’ve had before. It may be surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or some combination of

Bladder is one of the organ which is part of the urinary system of body. The major function of the bladder is to store urine produced in the kidney prior to urination. The urinary system of the body ensures the removal of wastes and excess fluid from the body in the form of urine. To ensure normal urination to ensue, all the parts in the urinary system have to work in the right order. The process of urine elimination begins in the kidney and ends in the urethra. Human body is composed of a pair of kidneys which is bean-shaped and located right under the rib cage each on one side of the spine (Keast et al., 2015) (where in this Kanai paper is this mentioned?). The kidneys work in pairs to filter approximately 200 liters of blood per day so that any excess salt, water and urea, a

Bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the United States. It's the third most common cancer in men and the 11th in women. There are 16,870 deaths caused by bladder cancer and about 79,000 new cases each year. Some risks that can cause this type of cancer is the use of tobacco, family history of bladder cancer and genetic mutations. A sign that you may have bladder cancer, is blood in the urine, pain when urinating and frequent urination. Although some people may pass this sign off as a bladder infection, it is always a good idea to have a full body check up each year. Treatments for bladder cancer may include a BCG vaccination, radiation therapy, chemotherapy or the surgical removal of the bladder. Of course, treatments will vary

Although radical cystectomy, with continent diversion or neobladder construction in selected cases remains the standard of care in the United States and other countries for patients with MIBC, several groups have explored therapeutic strategies that aim at bladder preservation{Kaufman, 2006 #782}. Initial approaches with the aim of bladder preservation consisted of RT, chemotherapy, or complete TUR-Bt as monotherapy for solitary tumor. Only a small proportion of carefully selected patients may be cured by transurethral surgery alone, or by partial cystectomy alone {Koiso, 1995 #1061}. Solsona, E et al. investigated the feasibility of radical transurethral bladder tumor resection in selected patients with MIBC with a minimum follow-up of more than 15 years and investigated the impact of patient age on survival, concluding radical transurethral bladder tumor resection is a reliable therapeutic approach for patients with MIBC after complete tumor resection and with negative biopsies of the tumor bed {Solsona, 2010 #636}. CSS was 81.9%, 79.5% and 76.7%, and PFS with bladder preservation was 75.5%, 64.9% and 57.8% at 5, 10

Can bladder cancer be treated? Possibly, with these four treatment plans: surgery, intravesical therapy, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy. Surgery is the most common type people use to get rid of bladder cancer. Two most common types of surgery people use are Transurethral surgery and a Cystectomy. Transurethral surgery is when tumors in the bladder are removed through the urethra. Cystectomy is when part or the entire bladder is removed. A partial cystectomy is when only the tumor is removed. Close by lymph nodes are also removed. “This surgery allows the person to keep part of their bladder, but it will be smaller so they might have to go more often. The cancer might also come back in a different part of the bladder (2016 American Cancer Society, Inc).” The second treatment for bladder cancer a person may use is a method called Intravesical therapy. Intravesical therapy is when the doctor puts a liquid drug into the bladder. By putting the drug into the bladder the cells inside the bladder will be killed and the cells everywhere else will have no effect. This type of therapy is used only for early stages of bladder cancer. The third type of treatment is Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is killing cancer cells by using drugs. Most chemotherapy drugs are either given by mouth or through a vein. When the drug enters the bloodstream it spreads through the body.

The article states that the cancer is the overproduction and uncontrollable growth of irregular cells. Bladder cancer most commonly begins in the Transitional cell carcinoma, or the innermost bladder cells that allow to bladder to stretch and shrink depending on the amount of urine within. This form of bladder cancer often recurs, and almost all deaths from bladder cancer come from this form. The two other forms of bladder cancer are Squamous cell carcinoma, and Adenocarcinoma, Adenocarcinoma is the rarest form.

The tumor needs blood flow to survive so they try and attract the blood vessels to grow into the tumor to keep it alive. The blood vessels usually don’t grow very far into the tumor causing it to lack the nutrients of the blood. The tumor gets oxygen and glucose from the bloodstream. The tumors also have to figure out how to get rid of wastes and carbon dioxide. So in all the blood vessels are very important to the cancer cells because the blood stream brings out all the toxic waste for the tumor so that it doesn't

Kidney cancer is caused by the abnormal growth of cells in the kidneys. The most common type of kidney cancer is renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which accounts for approximately 90% of cancer cases (ACS 2015). Other types of kidney cancers include transitional cell carcinomas, which are cancers that begin in the lining of the renal pelvis; Wilms tumors (nephroblastomas); and renal sarcomas. There are also several kinds of benign kidney tumors.

How many of us really think about our ability to urinate, I know I never did, but for my Uncle and Cousin, they could only wish to do what comes so naturally to us. When you have kidney disease and suffer Renal failure, which is what both of my relative's had, the kidneys are unable to remove those wastes through urinating. When the kidneys no longer perform these functions adequately, wastes and excess fluid build up in the blood. Some of the warning signs of kidney disease are as follows: