Bless Me, Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya

Puritans and reformers of seventeenth century England have been given a bad name for their part in history. This is primarily because they were working against the grain and trying to create change in world that saw change as a threat. The time period was turbulent and there was bound to be resistance in a world that was dominated by Catholics and those that had reformed to abide by their King’s law. The puritans of the time were considered extreme and rubbed people the wrong way because they wanted a world that abided by their morals and ethical codes. For this, they took the blame for the misery that many suffered during this age, but as we see in Fire from Heaven, this is not a fair assessment. The Puritans of this time wanted to improve the lives of the people and society as a whole through morality and purity.

In the novel, Bless me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya, a boy goes through many more experiences than any child in the hot summer days in Santa Rosa, New Mexico. He witnesses the deaths of his close friends and family. This boy expresses his emotions and grief through his dreams, only to wake up with fear and confusion in his mind. Antonio’s life is filled with dreams that foreshadow future incidents, as well as influences Antonio’s beliefs of religion and ideas of innocence.

The final source of understanding for Antonio is God. He is expected to understand God, because his mother dreams for him to become a priest. He is also expected to believe in God because his mother is Catholic and that is what is expected of Antonio. "I hoped that in a few years the taking of the first holy communion would bring me understand"(77). Antonio is basically going through the motions that are expected of him. He is not genuinely excited to be taking his communion; it is just something that he feels he needs to do. He thinks that if he takes his first communion maybe he will have some answers for why there is good and evil going on around him. He says, "I want to know. I want to know the mysteries of

Antonio’s conflict is that both sides of his family are trying to have influence in the type of person Antonio will grow into.

As the novel proceeds, Antonio begins to spend most of his time with Ultima and his friends and less time shielded by the protection and comfort his parents and home have to offer. This time away from home serves as the catalyst to Antonio’s development into a man. The road to adulthood/becoming a man is filled with potholes, broken traffic lights and has no speed limit. In other words, it is everything but easy. On this road you hear things you don't want too , you see things you wish you hadn't, and you experience things you never have before. It must have been the coldest days of the summer

Despite the fact that Antonio is only a newborn, the two sides of the family have already predetermined his path in life. His mother, Maria, wants Antonio to become a priest while his father, Gabriel, would rather him be free and follow in his example. Both parents want to instill their own aspirations upon him and partake in a mentalgame of tug of war with Antonio, the youngest and last son of the family, the final chance to make one of his parent’s dreams a reality. At a young age, Antonio is forced to come to a consensus of which parent will he please and which one will he forsake. This fact lingers over him and often resurfaces within his dreams. Though he doesn’t yet have to reach a decision, this dream acts as a cautionary reminder that he will have to soon in the future as it slowly approaches.

The novel is presented as a coming-of-age story in which the protagonist grows and develops as he experiences the tragedies of life. Other important themes of the novel is the question of sin and morality and the loss of innocence. At the beginning of the novel, Antonio is only six years old and very much a child in terms of understanding and innocence. Throughout the course of the novel, however, Antonio is exposed to events that force him to lose his innocence such as the death of Lupito by the river, Narciso’s murder by Tenorio, Florence’s accidental drowning, and Ultima’s death. Antonio must learn to balance this loss of innocence in order to become mature and follow his own path in life. Eventually, he is able to overcome his anxieties and realizes that a life of faith and a life of action are mutually incompatible. Because this loss of innocence is a crucial element of the novel and Antonio’s development as a character, the novel would not be as connecting if he were older. Antonio’s older brothers are already beyond this age of self-awareness, and it is important that Antonio is both self-aware and susceptible to change as an

experiences, result in the loss of innocence. Even though it was tough going through all these events, Antonio receives strength that will assist him extremely throughout his life, with fights and revelations. His incidents have developed the brawny, grown man he will soon be. Transformations are always needed for us to be fully grown, even though it can be hard and

To start off, Antonio is always under pressure from certain people that want him to do specific things in hopes of him securing the future of his people. This ties into conflicting cultures, which plays an important role when it comes to Antonio’s early life since his actions are defined by the conflicts between the Luna and the Marez. The Luna are the devoted farmers who worship the earth and the moon, while the Marez are very free-spirited vaqueros who are extremely devoted to their lifestyle and horses. Being a Marez is what causes Antonio’s three older brothers to go into the world and leave there family behind. “It was true, I thought, it is the Marez blood in us that touches us with this urge to wonder. Like the restless, seeking sea” (40). His brothers chose a path that Antonio is struggling to pick and cannot seem to identify with. This is a big deal because Antonio is only in the first grade and he is being pressured into growing up faster than he should be.

A “Bildungsroman” is defined as a piece of literature that focuses on the mental, moral, and psychological growth of a protagonist in transition from childhood to adulthood. Ideologies adopted into a Bildungsroman are ones that shows the coming of age like the shortcoming of loved ones, meet with challenges that the adult world presents to the younger generation, and having mentors or guides who teach the ways of life through valuable lessons. In Rudolfo Anaya’s coming of age novel, “Bless Me, Ultima”, the Bildungsroman concepts and ideas about maturity from childhood blossom as the novel's protagonist, Antonio Marez, lives his Hispanic, Catholic life at the age of eight, through countless experiences that molds his coming of age. Elements that substantially influences Antonio's coming of age includes confrontations with death, disappointment in realizing soul crushing realities, and encounters with emotions and despair that would be met in the adult world. Antonio, through, these structural elements, shapes his shift from a child to a man by emphasizing why certain events occur in his life.

Throughout the book Antonio is introduced to many new ideas. The first is the experiences he has with Ultima. Ultima is a healer who learned

Ultima teaches Antonio of this magical strength as she tries to help him understand the murder of Narciso. The townspeople do not seek justice because Narciso had been the town drunk and his life seemed worthless, “Because Narciso was the town drunk, nobody cared much”. Ultima explains that Narciso had died trying to help a friend and that was honorable. Once Narciso had been a respectable young man but hard times had fallen upon him after the death of his young wife. Narciso had turned to alcohol to ease the pain but had remained forever indebted to Ultima for trying to save his wife. Ultima uses the death of Narciso to teach Antonio the ways of his ancestors. She explains, “The old people…always helped each other; through good or bad they stuck together, and the friendships that were formed in that desolate llano were bonds for life”. It was through Ultima that Antonio discovers life is not what is always seems. Narciso had died trying to warn Ultima but few remembered anything good about him. Narciso had an inner goodness that had been hidden by his use of alcohol. Ultima taught Antonio to see the magic in Narciso, just as she had thought him to see the magic in the river and all that surrounded it.

Antonio’s mythical past starts to come apart as he grows up. “Fleeing” denotes an escape while “youth” denotes a sense of childishness. In this context, Antonio’s childishness is escaping him and his dreams. Initially, his dreams are about watching his own birth. To elaborate, his early dreams are prominent with the question about destiny, specifically whether he will become a priest or a vaquero when he grows up. This exhibits that Antonio is also leaving his childish dreams and transitioning into dreams with larger and more meaningful questions. This marks a point where Antonio experiences a coming-of-age. This leads Antonio to see events in a more realistic and unfun way. Ultimately, the author may may utilize events later on in the book

ersepolis written by Marjane Satrapi is the story of her childhood. Satrapi and her family can be described as liberal, they had a western-like attitude. At the time, 1979, Iran was undergoing a cultural revolution, which forces Satrapi to wear a veil at all times. “If you want to make a woman feel like a slut, just give her a headscarf” (Patterson). In 1979, the Shah, Mohammad Reza, was overthrown by Ayatollah Khomeini thereby sparking a civil war known as the Iranian Revolution. The Islamic law called “Sharia” obliged people to follow several duties and rules. According to Islamic people, it was the moral code and religious law which must be applied in countries. In its strictest and most historically coherent definition, it is considered

If a young child is faced with death, they may shut down emotionally. The child might not understand the concept and cease to function normally. Consumed with fear a young child, Schatz, became an emotional hermit. In Ernest Hemingway’s short story “A Day's Wait,” the Schatz feels burdened by the following things: his sickness, his self diagnosed death, and his lack of emotion. Being sick with the minor disease of influenza, Schatz believes his fever will kill him.