Blood Chemistry Parameters Lab Report

Blood type is the type of blood a person has that is passed down from the parents. The goal of this experiment was to find out if all the children were Mr. Johnson’s. The guided question was “Are all of Mr. Johnson’s children his biological offspring?” This relates back to the background information because the group had to find the blood type of each child and relate it to Mr. Johnson’s blood type.

The purpose of this experiment is to identify the different blood types through the antigen and antibody reaction by using the anti- A, Anti- B and Anti- Rh serums we will be able to identify the different blood types. We will also discuss how this can be used in the clinical setting of this blood typing procedure, by doing so we will know how antigens and antibodies relate to the blood typing procedure in the real world settings.

A married couple of 8 years, the Johnsons, have three children. The thing is, even though the Johnsons are married, Mrs. Johnson has been having an affair with a certain Mr. Wilson for the entirety of the marriage, which leads us to this question; are Mr. Johnson’s children actually his, or are they related to Mr. Wilson? A simple blood test can figure this out for us. By using samples of everyone’s blood, it can be determined if the children are not related to Mr. Johnson by seeing if their blood types match. The test involves gathering blood samples of both Mr. Wilson and Mr. Johnson, along with the children and Mrs. Johnson. Antigens in blood can be detected by Anti-serums and if picked up, can tell different blood types apart. For example,

Importantly, an administration of 0.9% NaCl or hypertonic NaCl (3 – 7.5% NaCl) also causes corrected hyperchloremia since it contains significantly higher proportion of chloride concentrations compared to sodium concentration ([Na+] = [Cl-] in 0.9% NaCl) than physiologically normal serum concentrations ([Na+] > [Cl-]). Development of corrected hyperchloremia and subsequent metabolic acidosis is also exacerbated by KCl supplementation. For example, 0.9% sodium chloride supplemented with 20 mEq/L KCl has a final chloride concentration of 174 mEq/L ([Na+] < [Cl-]). Experimentally, chronic respiratory alkalosis causes renal chloride retention in dogs, and patients with chronic hypocapnia may be expected to develop corrected hyperchloremia leading to compensatory metabolic

In this experiment, there are no significant ethical considerations as we had not used any living organisms. There were no extreme safety concerns, however there are still precautions that needed to be taken. Cobalt chloride is very toxic and is irritating to the skin so when handling the cobalt chloride solution, wear lab coats and safety goggles and have all hair tied up. Handle the solution with care to try and prevent the solution from coming into contact with skin. If it does spill onto skin, wash it off with water and soap. Do not touch your eyes when handling this substance to prevent it from entering your eyes.

Conclusion Every individual bloodstain is distinctive in its size and shape, which are dependant upon several factors like velocity, location, and angle of impact. This experiment was designed to research the effect of impact angle of a low velocity blood spatter on these characteristics. For this experiment, a drop of blood was dropped from the height of 1 meter onto a small piece of cardboard. The angle of the cardboard to the ground was changed to manipulate the impact angle.

The complement system is a segment of the immune system that has the ability to help antibodies and phagocytic cells defend organisms from pathogens. It is considered part of the innate immune system, that is, it is not adaptable and does not change over the course of an individual’s lifetime. Nevertheless, it can be engaged by the adaptive immune system. The complement system consist of more than 30 proteins and fragments of proteins, including serum proteins, blood proteins, and cell membrane receptors. By hepatocytes are the synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins that are complementary system. The activated complement system has three biochemical pathways: the classical complement pathway, the alternative

Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. Amino acids play an important role in biochemistry because amino acids are found in living organisms in both their free forms and bound by amide linkages in peptides and proteins. Amino acids may either be regarded as the components which are found in proteins as they emerge from the ribosome or alternatively they may be considered as the components found in proteins which are sufficient age for post-ribosomal modification of some residues to have taken place.

Tissue regeneration through cell differentiation from one cell type to another is a phenomenon occurs in some species of fish and amphibians, however, mammals are incapable of reprogramming one cell lineage to achieve a similar result. Specifically, in human and mouse wound healing procedure normally generate scar with high collagen deposition, regenerated skin which lacks some features such as hair follicle and cutaneous fat. A recent study shows that a large skin wound in a mouse model is capable of regenerating hair follicles under the control of the Wnt and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways. (1) In this article, Plikus et. al. discovered in the same mouse model; during wound healing process, cutaneous fat can be

Diuretic therapy is important for treatment of patients who require it but to CHF but it can also cause an imbalance in electrolytes. Depletion of magnesium and potassium can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. The risk of hypokalemia can be minimized by slow diuresis, lower diuretic dos, potassium supplementation, or combined being used with potassium-sparing diuretics

This experiment was conducted to test the importance of isotonic solutions on living cells. In this experiment we were trying to figure out which solution would make the sheep red blood cells increase in size. The independent variable was the three solutions 5% NaCl, .9% NaCl, and distilled water that we added separately to the sheep red blood cells. The dependent variable being tested was the size of the red blood cells after each solution was added. The control of the experiment was nothing added to the sheep blood. The hypothesis was if you add 5% sodium chloride to the sheep blood, then the cells will undergo crenation and the size will shrink more than 0.9% sodium chloride and distilled water. Osmosis is “the diffusion of water across

In order to study the kidney 's regulation of plasma volume, osmolality, and pH, the changes in urine flow rate, specific density, and urine pH of adult human subjects were measured. Subjects were assigned one of four beverage options: water, Gatorade, Coke, or nothing. Beverages of different compositions were used to study what effects does fluid intake have on urine volume and composition. Subjects fasted five hours prior to the experiment, in which the subjects were required to void and test their own urine every thirty minutes for 120 minutes after ingesting the beverage they were assigned. The urine volume, specific gravity, and urine pH were measured for each void.

The kidneys play an extremely important role in maintenance of potassium. They are responsible for excretion, via feces and sweat. Due to the renin-aldosterone system controlled

Colorimetric analysis are used to evaluate the status of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium and chloride. Albumin, creatinine and urea levels are also included in the study. They distinguish respiratory acidosis, metabolic alkalosis and mixed respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis groups based on their ABG values and acid-base results on Stinebaugh-Austin diagram. They evaluate the initial ABG result when the patients admitted in the hospital and the purpose is to control the treatment

To find the first unknown bacteria, the microbiology student started by inoculating a sample on a slide to stain with Gram’s stain; resulting a gram positive cocci. He continued by looking at the dichotomous key in the Lab Manual, afterwards doing a catalase test on an inoculated slide to differentiate it from being either a Streptococcus or a Staphylococcus (2). He then put the hydrogen peroxide on the inoculated slide, it immediately reacts, resulting on an excessive bubbling reaction, concluding that the Gram positive species is catalase positive. He now had to inoculate a sample of the bacteria to a 10% salt agar media to determine whether it is a Staphylococcus or a Micrococcus. After inoculating and incubating at 37°C for two days, it resulted with substantial growth. This indicates that the unknown Gram positive bacteria’s genus is a Staphylococcus. Following up, the microbiology student needed to determine whether it of the species aureus, saprophyticus, or epidermidis based on the selected characteristics table for staphylococcus (2). He conducted a hemolysis test on a thawed plasma plate; resulting in a β-hemolysis, a complete lysis of red blood cells. This test