Blood Pressure: A Case Study Exercise

High cholesterol level is a condition in which the concentration of high density lipids (HDL) specifically cholesterol, has significantly increased in the blood. The build up of these lipids in arteries reduce the supply of blood and hence, oxygen to the heart. Consequently, high cholesterol can lead to stroke or heart attack. Apo – Atorvastatin (Atorvastatin Calcium Tablets) is a medication that helps lower the concentration of cholesterol and other HDL in the blood (Apo-Atorvastatin, 2011) and is manufactured by Apotex Inc.

Mr. XXXX is a 44 years old Caucasian male, a general construction worker who works on a nearby highway for the bridge project, and checked in this urgent care center for complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath (SOB). The chest pain is constant dull and pressure like pain, and started 3 hours ago. The pain is located on the center of chest. He rates the pain 4 out of 10 on a pain scale 0 to 10 while resting. The pain gets worse and increases after eating. He experienced increased chest pain and SOB with simple walking from the parking lot to this office. The pain was not resolved with taking PO 365mg of Aspirin 2 hours ago and resting. He was diagnosed with hyperlipedemia 10 years ago. He is taking medication to manage his high cholesterol level. He denies past history of chest pain, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. He denies any history of heart surgery or cardio artery bypass surgery. He is anxious and fearful for his first chest and SOB. He smokes a half pack a day for past 20 years. He drinks one bottle of bear every evening with meals. He denies taking any herbal medication or illicit drugs. He has been a good appetite. He reported 20 lbs weight gain since his retirement from military. He has an irregular meal time and does not exercise as much as he used to do in the military.

A higher level of fats in the body puts the patient at higher risk for Cardiovascular diseases(CAD). The patient's' family has a history of CAD. Her mom and one of her sister have CAD (Lewis et al., 2014, pp. 733-734). The patient states that she has been taking her meds for cholesterol atorvastatin regularly. Her lipase level was 8272 on 11/11/16 and 2829 on 11/12/16 U/L 1069 on 11/13/16 (Ref range 73-393 U/L). Her HDL cholesterol level was 21 ( ref range>49 mg/dl), LDL Cholesterol level 148 ( ref range: <130 mg/dL). Patient statin drug was on hold because it is contradicted on the patient with an elevated level of ALT 80, 61(Ref range 0-50 U/L) and AST 61 on 11/12/16 and 64 on 11/13/16 (ref range 0-45 U/L). The uncontrolled level of could be the cause of concern for stroke or acute myocardial

7. What is the prognosis for the disease or disorder (a) without treatment and (b) with treatment?

The Framingham study and others that followed showed us that HDL-cholesterol is an independent cardiovascular risk factor and that the increase of HDL-cholesterol of only 10 mg/dL leads to a risk reduction of 2-3% (PubMed.gov, Nov. 2012). Higher levels of HDL cholesterol result in a risk of cardiovascular disease closer to the default risk. Cardiovascular disease risk increases then plateaus with greater ratios between total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. Thus, higher levels of HDL cholesterol proportionate to levels of total cholesterol relate to lower cardiovascular disease risk (Lecture #3). Having a HDL-cholesterol of 60 mg/dL and above is the best place for a person to be. A bit lower, but considered a good HDL-cholesterol level standing is 40-49 mg/dL for men and 50-59 mg/dL for women. All three of us, me, my mother, and the case study Danny are in good standing regarding HDL-cholesterol levels, my mother with 55 mg/dL, me with 50 mg/dL, and Danny with 40

MR. David likewise takes atorvastatin (Lipitor); 10 mg every day, for hypercholesterolemia (hoisted LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, and raised triglycerides). He has endured this medicine and holds fast to the day by day plan. Amid the previous 6 months, he has likewise taken chromium picolinate,

Regular exercise of just half an hour a day can raise good cholesterol and lower bad cholesterol. Limiting fats, especially saturated fats and trans fats will deal with the 15% of cholesterol that comes from outside the body. If those methods are tried and further cholesterol testing shows little improvement, then medicine can be added to the regimen. The whole cycle begins with cholesterol testing and can end with improved odds for a long, healthy

Medications are a last resort to treating high cholesterol. We prescribe these after changing your diet and exercise habits do not lower LDL and result in higher HDL. There are five classes of drugs used to help lower cholesterol levels. Statins help raise HDL and lower LDL. Statins are the drug of choice and include Fluvastatin, Pravastatin, and Lovastatin. Side effects from this class of drug include muscle pain, diarrhea, nausea, and constipation. Niacin in prescription form helps in lowering LDL and raising HDL better than other medications. Niacin side effects include redness and flushing of the skin, stomach upset, blurred vision, liver damage, and headaches. This drug should only be taken in prescription form due to unwanted side effects. Bile acid sequestrants are used in treating high LDL. The most common side effects are bloating, constipation, elevated triglycerides, and heartburn. If you have high levels of triglycerides bile acid sequestrants should not be taken. Cholesterol absorption inhibitors limits how much LDL is absorbed in the small intestine. The side effects include muscle weakness, headaches, and nausea. The last class of drug is

Statin pills, including Lipitor, which can be prescribed to decrease cholesterol levels, paintings partly through interfering with the activity of HMG-CoA reductase. If your cells take place to want more LDL cholesterol below certain circumstances, but the statin drug is blockading this essential enzyme, your cells won 't be able to make cholesterol whilst wished.

Patients who have increase in DBP > 20 mmHg above baseline may not always cross the 140/90 mmHg threshold for HTN. It is recommended to start antihypertensive medication to keep the DBP within 20mmHg of

Therefore, it needs to be transported through the blood stream by carriers, in this case, called lipoproteins. There are two main kind of lipoproteins, the low density lipoproteins (LDL) and the high density lipoproteins (HDL). The types of proteins are characterized as good or bad to the organisms. In this case the LDL is considered the bad cholesterol because it forms hard layers, that can obstruct the arteries and can make them less flexible to function properly. That is why HDL is considered to be beneficial one, since it as the scavenger that helps to remove the cholesterol from the arteries back to liver. Hence, the cells from those with FH show a deficiency in the number of functional LDL receptors, which at the same time cause the overproduction of cholesterol and a reduction in the ability to breakdown the protein in LDL (Rosenson et

The patient was put on a low fat and low cholesterol diet to see if the symptoms would improve and the cholesterol levels would decrease along with some statin medication of Atorvastatin, to help lower the cholesterol within the blood and help to prevent the patient from gaining any associated symptoms that are related with cardiovascular disease. The medication was given as it inhibits HMG-CoA reductase of the enzyme found within the liver that has a huge role in the production of cholesterol. This should show a dramatic reduction in the levels of LDL-C.

Jonathan is a 63 year old man, born on August 23rd, 1956 and lives with his eldest son. He was married two times and has three children, two children from his first marriage and one from his second. He lives in northern Ontario but originally was not born here, he moved here shortly following his second divorce. He is of Italian decent and is a practicing Catholic. The patients weight is 95 kilograms; he is 178 centimeters all and has a body mass index (BMI) of 28.3. Jonathan says he smokes around one pack of cigarettes a day, does not get a lot of exercise and eats fast food a few times a week. The patient now has congestive heart failure as a consequence of his MI. He was transferred from another hospital in the beginning of November and currently is waiting for more testing before he can be discharged from the hospital or moved to another facility. The patient has some known comorbidities that can exacerbate his CHF, this includes

Many times, this means that it is nearly impossible to control the cholesterol levels with natural methods. In fact, with genetic cases of cholesterol it can be difficult even to control them with medications. There is a chance, however that with natural methods such as diet, exercise and low stress, that the cholesterol will be lowered or will not have such damaging effects on the body.

Cholesterol synthesis occurs within the cells. The biosynthetic processes can be blocked by the use of a special inhibitor to the enzyme that drives this reactions. This is achieved by the use of a drug that inhibits one or more of the enzymes of cholesterol synthesis. The only challenge is that many enzymes are involved in the process. Hence, specific targeting of the enzymes catalyzing the rate limiting steps is important as an overall step. The rate limiting steps relies on other factors and effects generated at this step would adversely influence the biosynthetic processes of the cholesterol synthesis. Therefore, the rate limiting step is the most effective inhibition of the biosynthetic pathway. One of the enzyme that catalyze the rate