Blood Pressure Lab Report

The controlled variable included the exercise bike and heart rate monitor. There are several limitations, systematic and random errors that should be considered when interpreting these results. (4) The controlled variables were not tested before this experiment to see if they were working and reliable. Figure 2 heart rate was quite inconsistent and did not follow the pattern of the other results, which maybe suggest a random error with the heat rate monitor. A systematic error could include the fitness of the participants. One of the test subjects is an endurance athlete and the other does not compete in any sport. This would affect the results because for the endurance-trained athlete, from their training they increase their cardiac output results from a substantial increase in maximal stroke volume. In untrained persons, cardiac output increases in response to exercise primarily by an increase in heart rate. The endurance-trained athlete does so mainly by an increase in stroke volume. Simply meaning that although both participants are doing the same cadence and length the endurance athletes skewers the results by already having an increased rate in stroke volume. Another systematic error may include the rate of perceived effort. For the most accurate results, the measured maximum heart rate would be necessary to give an accurate cadence to ride at.

The purpose of this lab is to understand how to measure the heart rate and blood pressure of an individual by the appropriate method. It is important to know how to take these measurements accurately in the healthcare or fitness professions. In this lab, the heart rate was measured by a stethoscope over the chest, and with the middle and index fingers for the carotid and radial arteries. For blood pressure, a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope were used to identify the Korotkoff sounds that indicate the systolic and diastolic pressures. Risk factors such as heart disease and high blood pressure can be discovered through the

For the purposes of this experiment, a non-athlete is being defined as someone who has not played competitive sports within the last year or exercise more than once a week, and an athlete is being considered as someone on one of Fresno Pacific University’s endurance sports teams. To try to eliminate as many variables as possible, the individuals have to be within the normal Body Mass Index (BMI) range of 18-26 to be eligible for the experiment. Their BMI values will be calculated using the BMI calculator on the NCBI PubMed website by inputting their correct height and weight. After determining eligibility, the test subjects will be asked to run one lap around the track (400 meters) at Fresno Pacific University on two separate days. Before the subjects exercise, their heart rate will be taken after they’ve sat quietly for two minutes to ensure the resting heart rate is obtained. This will be down by counting their pulse on their radial artery for thirty seconds and multiplying that number by two to acquire their heart beats per minute. They will then run at a mildly intense pace by their standards for one lap in order to elevate their heart rate. Upon their return back around the track, their heart rate will be immediately taken, and a stopwatch started in order to determine the total amount of time that it will take for the subject to reach their previous resting heart

In performing this activity/assessment, I have learned a few things. From this assignment I have learned that the amount of exercise or physical activity for a certain amount of time affects your heart rate and pulse. We were instructed to run up and down the stairs for a total of eight minutes with a 30 second break in between every two minutes to measure your pulse. We recorded data to see what our pulse was every two minutes of physical activity for eight minutes. In doing this i have concluded that the longer you perform physical activity the higher your pulse and heart rate increase, and the longer it take your pulse and heart rate to go back down to your resting heart rate.

Unit D: Human Systems in Biology 20 is one of the main sections that becomes relatable to the Program of Studies (POS) for the Heart Rate and Exercise LabQuest activity. General Outcome #2 focuses on how students will explain the role of the circulatory systems and defense systems in maintaining an internal equilibrium. This further goes into measuring the students level of understanding the concepts of heart rate and the factors that affect it (Alberta Education, p. 41). Heart rate can then branch out into concepts of maximum heart rate, resting heart rate and recovery time. Through the LabQuest experiment, the main affecting factor was exercise and how that relates back to the fitness level of an individual [20-D2.3s]. Other key concepts found in the lab’s analysis questions then dealt with disorders of the heart [20–D2. 2sts]. Students are additionally "conducting investigations into relationships between and among observable variables" through the use of tools to gather information in regards to their heart rates [20–D2.2s]. Through group work activities, they are achieving collaborative work in measuring heart rate and other factors relating to the circulatory system [20-D2.4s]. To analyze and interpret, the POS explicitly states that students have the option in determining, from available data, the relationship between blood pressure and exercise [20–D2.3s a]. For the simulation, predominantly at the high school level, the

The purpose of this experiment is to show how the cardiac and respiratory system react after exercise. Each system differs at rest and after exercise. We observed the respiration rate, the blood pressure (bp), and our pulse during resting and after exercise. Everyone exercised for five minutes. We chose to run a flight of stairs in the same building of our class. After exercise we would check off everything that we listed to see the bp, pulse, and breathing. To check our bp and pulse we used an electronic cuff called the sphygmomanometer to do our counting. Once we completed our exercise we would each have a two-minute break. For that break we would recheck on the new differentness and check how much has changed from before exercising and after

Figure 1 shows that the systolic and diastolic pressure while the subject was sitting down, 119/64, is lower than that of the other body positions and exercise. Standing showed the second lowest systolic and diastolic pressure, 121/83. Lying down showed a slightly higher blood pressure of 123/84. The highest blood pressure, 133/94, was measured when the subject had just completed some physical activity. Figure 2 and 3 display, respectively, the difference between heart contractions at rest and after exercise, as illustrated by the greater number of contractions following exercise in the same amount of time compared to resting conditions. In addition to displaying the interval lengths for three sequential beats from Figures 2 and 3, Table 1 also includes the heart rate for before and post exercise, 102 bpm and 132 bpm, respectively. Figure 4 shows similar

This report focus on the cardiovascular system to obtain measurement, understand and compare the differences of blood pressure, heart rate, pulse pressure, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure under normal conditions and when exercising.

Heart rate is expected to increase during exercise. The reason for this is that the muscles in the body are demanding more blood and, essentially, the heart must work harder in order to provide for the muscles’ needs. Athletes, who are more adapted to exercising environments have a lower maximum heart rate than individuals who do not exercise as frequently. In a study done between two groups of individuals – one containing only athletes and the other containing individuals who had performed any type of exercise in the previous 6 months – results showed that athletes had a lower heart rate when they performed exercise than non-athletes (Martinelli 2005). The reason that athletes have a lower maximum heart rate is because the heart can pump blood to the rest of the body more efficiently – in larger amounts – than it would in a non-athlete.

The heart rate increases as activity intensity in the body increases. The cause of this increase in heart rate is due to the working tissues in the body increasing their need for oxygen and nutrients. The heart needs to pump faster to supply the tissues with an adequate amount of oxygen and nutrients needed for the muscles (Tortora & Derrickson, 2014, p. 716). During the increase of activity levels in the body and rise of heart rate, blood pressure is additionally effected because of the increased need of oxygen flow to tissues in use and cardiac output directly affects blood flow (Tortora & Derrickson, 2014, p. 741). Therefore the main focus of this report will be discussing the two main concepts of the effects of increased intensity of exercise on heart rate and blood pressure.

Three hypothesis were formed based on the above information. The first hypothesis was that heart rate and blood pressure will rise as gravity opposes blood movement. The next hypothesis was that heart rate will increase during and immediately after exercise and then return to the resting level. The final hypothesis was, during inspiration, the heart rate will be lower than in expiration.

Compared with systolic pressure, diastolic pressure has a rather mild increase when intensity of exercise increases.

During exercise the blood pressure will increase because the muscles will need more oxygen to use if more exercise needs to be done. As the muscle continues to work, the heart rate must also increase to make sure that enough blood is being pumped around every part of the body. This would mean that systolic pressure increases because of the pressure in your heart when the muscles contract. In the other hand the diastolic pressure should be the same so there should be little or no changes to the pressure. This is because the blood vessel like the arteries become dilated so any heat can be exerted or escape.

The experiment began by taking the height and weight of all of the participants. Those taking part performed two trials on separate days. For the first trial, participants consumed water at leisure throughout the day, then at 3:00 pm, preceded to the gym to begin the experiment. Before exercising, the first participant placed the Suunto brand heart monitor under their shirt on their breastbone and fastening the display watch on their right wrist. The participant’s heart rate was recorded before beginning the exercise. The wattage of the Precor RBK 835 Recumbent exercise bike was then set to 80 watts and the participant rides the stationary bike at an intensity that maintains the wattage range between 80 and 90 watts. After five minutes of riding,

“During a very dynamic workout, systolic blood pressure in a healthy athlete may rise to as high as 200 mm Hg. On the other hand diastolic blood pressure changes very little, if at all. In a healthy person, diastolic blood pressure typically rises by no more than a few mm Hg, even during a strenuous workout. That's because the blood vessels in working muscles widen, decreasing peripheral