Essay on Blood Transfusions

As expected, with war comes extensive injuries. During WWI, it took a wounded soldier about 24 hours to travel from the battlefield to a hospital. Many times, the soldiers did not live through that excruciating 24 hours. The wounds inflicted on many soldiers led to the development of new medical techniques and improvements (iWonder 2015). The quickly rising death toll during WWI led to the creation of blood transfusion techniques. Prior to WWI, blood transfusions were nearly impossible without cross-matching blood types. An article published by Medical History argues that, “Though the technique (blood transfusions) caused several deaths, it did save dozens of other men, proving its lifesaving

According to United Network for Organ Sharing (2010) organ donations and transplantation are the removal of organs and tissues from one person and placed into another person’s body. The need for organ transplantation usually occurs when the recipient organ has failed (UNOS, 2010). Organ donation can save the lives of many individuals who are on the waiting list for an organ donation. Becoming an organ donor can be a difficult decision. Many people have the false beliefs about being an organ donor. An example would be if organ donor is on their driver’s license and a person is in a life-threatening accident everything will not be done to save their life. There is an increase need for organ donors and unfortunately the need for organ

The market of human blood transfusions is broken down into different uses: Elective Surgery, Emergency Surgery and Trauma. However, Hemopure seems to be suitable only for trauma cases due to its characteristics and, again, high price. To understand the reason, it is important to notice that, actually, only 10% of the 500,000 trauma victims receives RBCs “in the field” or at the site of accident, and the remaining 95% of these people does not receive transfusions until they arrive at the hospital. This delay was often cited as a major factor to the 20,000 trauma deaths. Therefore, since the expected market share for Biopure is 25% and assuming that the total blood transfusions remain stable, the potential market size for Hemopure is approximately $350,000,000. This size is based on an average price of $700 multiplied by 2,000,000 units (around 4 blood units are needed for each Trauma case).

Jehovah's witnesses’ faith allows them to seek medical help; however, they do not accept blood transfusions. This belief arises from a biblical passage that states "Only flesh with its soul- its blood-you must not eat (Genesis 9:3-4), "You must not eat the blood of any sort of flesh, because the soul of every sort of flesh is its blood. I will set my face against that person who eats blood...Anyone eating it will be cut off” (Leviticus 17:10, 13-14). These passages are interpreted by Jehovah's witnesses as forbidding the transfusion of any blood products. The following presentation will address legal and ethical issues that can arise from this scenario.

Rebecca Jemmett and Pamela Peacock stated in an article called “Medical Contributions of The Great War: Blood Transfusion”, that the first known blood transfusion took place after British physician William Harvey discovered the circulation of blood in 1628. “From that time until World War One, blood transfusions were practiced on humans, dogs, and other animals.” With this achievement, it leads to more ways blood transfusions can be proved useful like animal to animal and animal to person blood transfusions. Blood transfusions have now become more common as a result of the horrors of the First World War. New discoveries and the magnified demand for the practice propelled the procedure forward as time

t all began in 1818 according to the Blood Centers of the Pacific the first recorded successful human blood transfusion was accomplished during this era. However due to the lack of knowledge and research, it was followed by many blood transfusion failures. But 80 years later, scientists discovered that our red blood cells are different from one another, which was the cause of many incompatibilities blood transfusions in the 1800's. Due to this four blood types were identified - A, B, AB and O. This discovery revolutionized hematology and led the way for successful blood transfusions.

Both texts provide great points and clearly send the message: guns should not be allowed for the public. However, Blood Drive is more persuasive due to the text being in a story format compared to a factual format. The Myth of The Good Guy with a Gun provides factual, quantitative values that represent the dangers of guns such as, “every 1 percent increase in gun ownership, there was a 1.1 percent increase in the firearm homicide rate and a 0.7 percent increase in the total homicide rate.” The quantitative values help readers understand the exact degree of which guns are dangerous, but fail in connecting readers on an emotional level. Blood Drive, however, portrays the message more effectively by using the inverse extreme, instead of blatantly arguing against guns

A few behavioral factors that impact the community and can lead to HIV are unprotected sex, blood transfusions and the use of contaminated needles. “Unprotected anal intercourse is a highly infectious way to transmit HIV” (Riegelman & Kirkwood, 2015, p. 143). Through participation in this type of risky behavior people are exposing themselves to contracting HIV. Even from early on HIV was spread through blood transfusions. Blood was not tested and people were at high risk to contract the virus.

The Blood Drive is a satirical story addressing the dangers of laissez faire gun laws and treating children as having the same capacities as adults. When you give a child a gun you’re saying you recognize them as having the same capacity for reasoning as adults. When you remove the responsibility from adults you allow them to regress to childish behavior. Blood Drive shows that a society that lacks discipline and order is doomed to chaos and tragedy.

At first I didn’t even care about the assembly I was sitting through. Everyone else I had talked to had decided against participating, so I decided that I wasn’t going to either. However, as I sat and listened to the woman talk, and saw how sincere she was, I began to listen with a new interest. Then she put a video on featuring stories of the people and families this affected. There was one in particular about a little girl who had gotten in a car accident and would have died had she not received a blood transfusion. Due to a blood drive held earlier that day, the little girl’s life was saved. It was then that I made my decision. I was going to donate blood.

Full title: The confusion continues: results from an American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) survey on massive transfusion practices among United States trauma centers.

MT is defined as > 10 u RBC in 24 h, > 4 u RBC in 4 hours with additional anticipated need, or replacement of 50% total blood volume (TBV) in 3 hours1. Of patients admitted to a civilian level I trauma center, 1- 5% require a MT1,4. An increase in transfusion requirement is associated with increased mortality. Patients receiving 10 u RBC1. Current evidence for MT practice stems from the past 15 years of research from military trauma literature and has been widely accepted for use in civilian trauma, obstetric emergencies, and major surgery.

In 1941, The Red Cross started to push for blood drives and the collection of blood. The development of safe and secure refrigeration and preservation techniques made blood transfusions a realistic available option. By this time, air and sea technology had greatly improved so instead of just putting a soldier on a stretcher and literally carrying them back to a CSS station, emergency medical personnel were able to fly in and out of remote war zones to pick up injured or sick patients in order to have them transferred to an actual war

The Australian Red Cross Blood Service (ARCBS) has identified a long-standing issue of poor repeat blood donation from young donors, in particular males. While this group of the population has a high number of new donors, it has been found they are also the least loyal, which poses a problem for both current and future blood stocks. As a marketing consultancy firm, we have been commissioned to analyse the issues surrounding blood donation in Australia, and to devise three cost-effective marketing strategies aimed at increasing repeat donation from this demographic.

Organ transplantation is a medical act which involves the surgical operating by transferring or removing of an organ from one person to the other, or placing the organ of a donor into the body of a recipient for the replacement of the recipients damaged or failed organ which resulted from impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism or an act that causes someone to receive physical damage.