Blowout Fracture

Skull fractures are another type of traumatic brain injuries. Closed skull fractures can lead to brain hematomas and damage to the cranial nerves. Open skull fractures can occur from a direct blow or a penetrating injury. Open skull fractures related to direct blows often have increased injures related to the skull fragments being depressed into the brain or the vascular structures of the brain.

or a blow to the body that causes a sudden jarring of the head (i.e., helmet to the

Concussions are caused by a sudden jolt or impact on the skull that causes the brain to hit on the inside of the skull according to Dr. Maryse Lassonde, a neuropsychologist and the scientific director of the Quebec Nature and Technologies Granting Agency(Nordqvist). She carried out visual and auditory tests to players of the Montreal

An open skull fracture consists of a break of the dura that expose the cranial contents to the environment. Some of the complications that should be considered are posttraumatic seizures, infection (e.g. meningitis), blood clot, cranial nerve damage, and leaking of spinal fluid. Posttraumatic seizures occur more often among open brain injuries because causal mechanisms are poorly understood. There are many changes happening in cellular and molecular level in association with injury and repair like sprouting of new neurons with hyperexcitability and lowering in GABAergic inhibiton that leads to epileptogenesis. In term of infection, bacteria or virus can cause major infection if the wound is not kept clean and it’s important to use the correct

An ORIF mandible fracture is the known as a jaw fracture this type of fracture is able to occur in two different parts of the jaw area. This is when a break occurs in the mandible bone when this occurs in either of the two places it may be very difficulties to open the jaw so this makes it very challenging to eat,chew, or to speak or all around makes it very difficult to have the full ability to open your mouth. Other things that may occur are that the teeth may not be properly lined u and this can be very annoying with having to deal with beacause you are not properly balanced out and in some cases it can cause your gums to bleed. This type of fracture is found mostly with males in their mid twenties to thirty seconds

A fracture (break) in your cheekbone is also called a zygoma fracture. If this bone is in normal position, conservative treatment may be all that is necessary. This means an operation is not required. If this bone is displaced, surgery may be necessary to repair the fracture and get it back into position. This fracture is easily diagnosed with x-rays.

Depending on where and how you fall, cuts and abrasions can be quite painful. These cuts and abrasions could also look quite severe. Leg and arm abrasions are common, as well as ones to the head and hips. In most cases, these injuries may only require ointment or some stitches. However, the result often depends on the impact of the fall. More serious injuries may occur such as concussions and broken

Mandibular fractures are among the most common facial injuries and account for 23–97% of all facial fractures dependent on the survey. The principal fracture areas are located in the condylar neck, the symphysis and the body or the angle of the mandible [1]. Miniplate osteosynthesis has become one of the important fixation method in maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery. Miniplate osteosynthesis is a standard method for the surgical treatment of mandibular fractures. Miniplates provide functionally stable fixation, unlike rigid fixation, which prevents micro motion of the bony fragments under function [2]. It is one of the challenging tasks for Oral and Maxillofacial surgeon because of the complex functional anatomy of the maxillofacial region.

This was a retrospective study of patents who sustained midface fractures seen at the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of Kantipur dental hospital teaching college and research center.During the two year period from January 2014 to December 2015, data were received and analyzed in terms of age, gender, etiology, anatomical site of fracture, treatment, methods and complications. Fracture sites were assigned to six different midfacial bones: including the zygomatic arch, fronto-zygomatic suture, buttress, infra-orbital rim, alveolar bone and orbital rim. The causes of injury were also divided into six categories: physical assult, falls, road traffic accidents, sports accidents, animal kicks and gun

It is essential, during anaesthesia, to prevent any mechanical pressure to the globes and to maintain mean arterial pressure. Horseshoe headrests should not be used for prone patients as they have been implicated in nearly all cases of direct eye pressure damage in the prone position. All patients complaining of postoperative visual disturbance require urgent review by an ophthalmologist. Although vision rarely returns after ischaemic optic neuropathy, treatment may improve the visual field defect following central retinal artery

Trap door fracture (Figure 13): Trap door fractures occur most commonly in the pediatric population. A traumatic force is applied to the globe and results in a “green stick” fracture of the orbital floor. The orbital floor fractures medial to the infraorbital nerve, hinging the bone fragment into the maxillary sinus. The orbital contents, including the inferior rectus muscle, are displaced into the maxillary sinus. As the force subsides, the hinged bone segment retracts into its original position, trapping the orbital contents (Figure 14). Typical symptoms include pain and

Frontal sinus fractures account for 5% to 15% of all facial fractures [2] and are due to various high-velocity and

Scapular fracture is uncommon in horses. Because of the appropriate protection of scapula by muscles, fractures mostly occur through the acromion process near the shoulder joint (1,2,3,4). Fractures can occur as a result of direct damage such as falling heavily to one side or not often as a result of a misstep. Fracture of the blade or body of scapula is rare (1) and can occur in racehorses as stress fractures of the scapula. Frequency of fractures is equal in both forelimbs of horses (5). Due to the significant role of scapular fractures in lameness and poor performance in horses, early diagnosis is highly desirable. . Scapular fractures involving acromion process can be recognized by radiography. Because of the superimposition of the thorax

Condylar fractures account for 25–35% of the mandibular fractures. [6, 3, 10] and classified according to the anatomic location (intracapsular and extracapsular) and degree of dislocation of the articular head [7]

Mandibular fractures are the most common facial injuries and occur for 23–97% of all facial fractures dependent on the survey. The reconstruction implants of the mandible produced in standard size and shape needs to bend manually before surgery, to custom fit the patient’s jaw using trial and error method. If any slight mismatch between bone and the plate, it results in the implant loosening and failure. Not only straight miniplates but also L or T-shaped miniplates were considered by using FEM. The results of this study showed that length and shape of the miniplate have no significant effect on the stability of fractured segments under bite forces. The principal fracture areas are located in the body or the angle, the symphysis and condylar