Essay on Blue Death Questions

Although Snow was never able to convince his peers early on of his theory that ingestion of contaminated water was the cause of cholera, he did recommend actions that could be taken in the presence of cholera and for preventing the disease from spreading. These actions Snow provides in his pamphlet, "On the Mode of Communication of Cholera" consists of twelve measures society can perform in the presence of cholera and in preventing cholera and other diseases that are communicable in the same manner from spreading. The basis of the measures Snow suggests are strict cleanliness when dealing with sick individuals, proper preparations and filtration of water, and isolation between individuals that are sick and those who are not. Snow's measure of strict cleanliness consisted of people exhibiting proper hygiene skills when dealing with disease stricken individuals by means of correct hand washing techniques, proper disposal of infected garments, and appropriate means of food handling. Snow was also an advocate of correct means of water filtration, primarily based on his theory of how cholera was transmitted. Actions that Snow suggested concerning water preparations and filtration included such things as boiling water before consumption, better source locations established by water companies, and a more efficient sewage and filtration system

Main Point: Third world countries lack accessibility to clean water exposing them to disease and harmful toxins that result in 2.4 million deaths annually (Bartram, 2010).

As mentioned previously, one of the main public health concerns focused on a population of individuals that lacked access to clean water. One of the main assessments on sanitary conditions outside of the United States took place in the nineteenth century, when the discovery of how diseases spread was beginning to come into the light. In England, cholera outbreaks led to the deaths of thousands of people, with the cause of the disease a mystery. As a result, John Snow, another individual practiced public health, and who believed in the contagionist theory, began to observe cholera, particularly its pathology, and believed cholera entered into the body through the consumption of water (Snow, 2002). Snow then observed were those who had died of cholera had obtained their drinking water, and found the source of the cholera contamination to be from a

1. A scientific model is a model that are used to ask more questions than answers. A scientic model has to have an explanation, connection with other ideas and is predictable. A scientific model is also used if you can't observe the real life object; like atoms, earth, gravity, etc.

Each year, 4 billion episodes of waterborne illnesses result in 2 million deaths mostly among children. Cause of death stem from dehydration

Germ theory was thought of in 1546 by Girolamo Fracastoro, so not in the 19th century, but it was developed further later on. The theory was that diseases are from microorganisms, and the microorganisms take over other organisms like humans and animals, infecting them with the disease. The theory was in doubt, so people thought of something called the miasma theory, but that was given up quickly and replaced officially by germ theory. Germ theory gave us more knowledge about bacteria and how they work, along with some advancements like vaccines. It was a huge concept and idea that, once accepted, helped further the research done on

In the late 1800’s germ theories became the new focus for scientists. Louis Pasteur created systems for inoculation and the pasteurization method that kills germs in food products. In 1876, Robert Koch, the founder of bacteriology, discovered that deadly diseases could be caused by bacterium (Senior 2014). Scientists today, still use Koch’s germ theory to prove causes of contagions.

2014). If public water in the United States was infected, it could cause a massive outbreak.

In the documentary Flow: For the Love of Water, it considers the water crisis occurring in the world. The film states that more than two million people die due to water borne diseases each year. These water-borne diseases mainly come from chemical run-off and pesticides. However, the source of clean water is complicated due to political and economic factors.

The second model is Abortion Politics. In this model a group of individuals is discussing whether or not to allow abortions. The individuals argue amongst each other about their opinions. In this case science related to abortions is not

The germ theory began when one scientist became motivated to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation. This curiosity and motivation led to major changes in the health of humanity. This theory helped the future generations while providing methods to prevent disease. The developpement of the germ theory allowed other scientists to expand on this concept and develop ways to apply information to care for individuals with disease and help in the modern world. Microorganisms are miniscule, they easily invade humans, animals and other living hosts which then lead to disease. Louis Pasteur a french biologist conducted a variety of experiements, his individual geniusness and technology helped the discovery of the germ theory which radically changed the practice of medecine.

The first Cholera epidemic in England appeared in October of 1831. Symptoms of Cholera include dehydration, diarrhea, fever, and vomiting. Soon the disease would take over the patient's body and kill them. The second epidemic took place in 1848 through 1849 and killed almost 70,000 people throughout England and Wales. Doctors could not figure out the source of the illness or how to cure it. The living conditions made this illness spread like wildfire. People were living in cramped living areas and did not have proper sewage systems. Human waste was thrown into ditches and alleyways. When the city would flood the sewage would flow into houses, marketplaces, streets, and eventually made its way into streams and the Thames river. Doctor

Along with computer models, mathematical models are used as well. These models are closely associated with computer models because many of the computer models use mathematical models within them. They are “simplified versions of reality that … are especially helpful in cases in which several factors may affect the outcome” (Day, 101). Mathematical models are even more useful than computer ones because they can account for more than one factor. This helps to further improve computer models because scientists don’t have to look at one thing at a time; they have an overall perspective on everything. By using these models, scientists save a great amount of time during their studies. They also save money and animals because they don’t have

The germ theory states that certain diseases are caused when microorganisms invade the body. Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, and Robert Koch are the developers of the germ theory. Until the germ theory was accepted, many people believed disease was a punishment for bad behavior. When many people got sick, people blamed it on swamp vapors or foul odors from sewage. The development of the germ theory was made possible in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries using lavatories and equipment to study bacteria. In the nineteenth century improvements in microscope technology allowed microbiologists to invalidate more on the germ theory. The invention of primitive microscopes by English scientist Robert Hooke and the Dutch merchant and amateur scientist Anton van Leeuwenhoek gave the scepter it's the ability to study the microorganisms and determine if they caused diseases.

The model must reproduce the original data. i.e., the model must explain all the observations in the input data-set.