The Blue Mountains Darug, Gundagara And Wiradjuri People Of Australia

Describe and explain Australian Indigenous people’s historical and contemporary connections to land and sea and the resources derived from them. How have settler discourses associated with colonization affected these connections to country?

Surrounding the Great Barrier Reef are the aboriginal inhabitants and Torres Strait Islanders. Their connection goes back for 60,000 years. There are 70 tribes across the Great Barrier Reef relying on the reef but are experiencing major problems, pollution and mining.

For Aboriginal Australians, the land has a special significance that is rarely understood by those of European descent. The land, or country, does not only sustain Aborigines in material ways, such as providing food and shelter, it also plays a major role in their spiritual lives. As Rose put it, "Land provides for my physical needs and spiritual needs." (1992, p.106). To use Rose 's own term, to Aboriginals the land is a 'nourishing terrain '. (1996, p.7).

In the last 60,000 years Australian indigenous knowledge has advanced through generations. Unlike western culture where knowledge becomes known through written text 's,Indigenous knowledge is developed by images, words, patterns, sounds, smells and tastes on different canvases such as sand, soil, the body and rocks (Blair 2008). Furthermore, Since British colonisation in 1788 threats to traditional indigenous knowledge existed then and more now in modern society. Main threats include agricultural and industrial developments, territorial pressures including deforestation, social and economic pressures including assimilation, poverty, education, loss of languages,political pressures,the recognition and standing of indigenous traditional knowledge including involvement in policy and legislative development, cultural integrity and globalisation. It is important that these threats are resolved and Indigenous knowledge is contexulizised into our education systems as it can bring a better understanding to Australian indigenous history.It is important that teachers incorporate indiginoues knowledge into classroom as It can also give students the ability to think comprehensively when exploring social problems in the environment and the awareness of the relationship that people share with their environment and also increase understanding and respect of other cultures (Rahman,2013)

During the late 1700-1800s australia was made up of separate colonies, a country struggling to stay intact, low food supply and numerous convicts entering Australia. Throughout the 1700-1800s sutian reform changes have allowed the thriving development of Australia to be a completed country, such as the wool industry and gold rush.

Human rights are the rights of humans, regardless of nationality, gender, race, or religion. We should all have this in common as we are all part of humanity. However, Indigenous people did not always have these rights (Ag.gov.au, 2015). Aside from basic human rights, Indigenous people also have their own rights specific to their culture. Before 1967, Indigenous people had different rights in different states and the Australian federal government did not have any jurisdiction over Aboriginal affairs until Australia’s constitution was amended for this purpose in 1967 (Moadoph.gov.au, 2015). Between 1900 and the present time, there have been significant changes to the rights of Indigenous Australians. The effects of the European Settlement on the Indigenous people of Australia have been devastating. When white people began arriving in Australia, the Aboriginal people believed them to be ghosts of ancestor spirits. However, once they realised the settlers were invading their land, the Aborigines became, understandably, hostile (Slater & Parish, 1999, pp.8-11). In 1788, the total Indigenous population was believed to be between 750,000 and one million. By 1888, the Indigenous population was reduced to around 80,000 Australia wide (Korff, 2014). The three main reasons for this dramatic decline were the introduction of new diseases, violent conflicts with the colonisers, and settlers acquiring Indigenous land (Digital, 2015). In 1848, the Board of National Education stated that it

Since the Whitlam Government passed the Racial Discrimination Act in 1975, the notion of “White Australia” was thought to have disappeared with it all together. However, time and time again, like cancer it strikes without warning. Though the media and government believe Australia has been inherently free from the White Australia notion, it has yet to truly disappear from modern day Australia. To understand why the White Australia notion has yet to disappear, an examination of Pauline Hanson needs to be taken into account, with a primary focus on her political party, One Nation’s beliefs and ideologies. Furthermore, a close look at our own government’s policy towards asylum seekers with a brief look at their treatment in Australian

Australia is a diverse and multicultural that allows anyone who needs safety and shelter to come to Australia and feel safe and free. Australia wasn’t always like this there was a time where immigrants could not come into the “Safe Haven”. To get away from poverty, war and diseases.

Colonialism in Australia places a detrimental threat to the health of Indigenous Australians. Inherent in colonialism were scientific racisms, institutional racism and structural violence. These factors continues to persist in the fabric of Australian society today and limits the life chances of Indigenous Australians. This essay illuminates colonialism as a major contributor to the social marginalisation and low socioeconomic status experienced by indigenous Australian. An analysis of Aboriginal infant mortality rate, a health indicator highlights the difference between biomedical and sociological approach and the embedded negative impact of social marginalisation and low socioeconomic status on the health of Indigenous Australians. The

The work written by Tony taylor is a reliable source, however it does contain some bias on the subject of Aboriginal history. The source is used as an example of how bias can affect revisionist history, and that revisionism can be affected by outside factors. The source is quoted several times throughout the report, and can be seen as an example against the work written by Keith Windschuttle, The fabrication of Aboriginal history. However throughout his work there are numerous slanderous comments made towards the historian as a person, which could showcase an ulterior method to the work, in which the historian uses the work to target a person, rather than the information that he has provided. Overall I believe the source in most parts is reliable, however the Validity of his statements is questionable and are rebutted by keith Windschuttle quite easily. The most prominent strengths of the

To better understand Aboriginals as a Dream Culture I want to give more insight into Aboriginal Australians general culture and their conceptions of “Dream Time.” In his discussion of religion, Mircea Eliade describes a concept of Cosmos vs Chaos (Eliade 1957). In this notion an unordered world is chaotic only until is it transposed during a sacred time: “By occupying it and, above all, by settling in it, man symbolically transforms it into a cosmos though a ritual repetition of the cosmogony” (Eliade 1957:31). In other words until a land is tamed or created it is considered unordered. This can be applied to Aboriginal’s understanding of the world prior to their current presence. Aboriginals believe that in a time before the Dreamings, the land and world was a featureless earth. It was not until the dreamtime, or time of creation: “where there is contact with appearances from both realms of inside the earth itself as from ill-defined upper region” that the earth began to have its composed landscapes (Cowan 1992:26). The Dream Time is not only a period but more of a dimension where ancestral beings moved across the earth and created not only land, but every aspect of the earth including animals, plants, and man. It is important to realize that the ancestors created the natural earth and that is why Aboriginals live a particular lifestyle. Most Aboriginals living in this cosmogony are hunter-gatherer tribes. This aspect of their life can be traced to stem from the idea of

Arguably one of the most notable cases conducted in the Australian High Court, Mabo and others v Queensland (No2) (1992), or shortened to Mabo 2, holds prominent significance in Indigenous Australian history as being the first legal recognition of land rights for Indigenous Peoples under the common law system. Despite the court ruling in favour of Mabo, and additional legislation protecting First Peoples native title claims, little buffer presently exists to prevent land claims from being extinguished. The recent McGlade v Native Title Registrar (2017) decision stands to counter Indigenous Peoples’ rights, as well as amendments to the Native Title Act 1993 Cth to impeach on Indigenous communities’ livelihoods by the restriction of their entitlement

The Ngarrindjeri nation arrays across the South East section of South Australia; as seen in Figure 1.

Truthfully, Canada has yet to come to terms with its Aboriginal heritage. Though steps are being made, our country still in a sense lacks the conviction to truly accept our Indigenous history. This essay will discuss the importance of three paramount pieces of Aboriginal history that we must come to terms with as Canadians in order to accept our Aboriginal heritage. Canada is struggling to come to terms with its Aboriginal history, and this essay will attempt to display what we need to understand in order to move forward and make progress. Canada is a melting pot of diversity, but our very earliest roots as a nation stand with the Aboriginal people. Therefore, it is clear that Canada needs to come to terms with its Aboriginal heritage.

Aboriginals or indigenous Australians are the native people of Australia. Aboriginals were nomadic people who came to Australia about 40,000 – 60,000 years ago from Southeast Asia. Religion is a great part of Aboriginal culture. The essay answers these questions: What do Aboriginals belief? What is a Kinship system? What is Dreaming and Dreamtime? What rituals does Aboriginals have?