Bmc Hesi Case Study

D.Z.is a 65-year-old man admitted to medical ward with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; emphysema). Past medical history (PMH) indicates hypertension (HTN), well managed with enalapril (Vasotec) past six years, diagnosis (Dx) of pneumonia yearly for the past three years. D.Z. appears cachectic with difficulty breathing at rest. Patient reports productive cough with thick yellow-green sputum. He seems anxious and irritable during subjective data collection. He states, he has been a 2-pack-a-day smoker for 38 years. He complains of (c/o) insomnia and

disease get worse over time. It can cause coughing that produces large amount of mucus,

Asthma is a condition of the bronchial tubes characterized by episodes of constriction and increased mucous production. A person with asthma has bronchial tubes that are super sensitive to various stimuli, or triggers, that can produce asthma symptom.In other words, asthmatics have special sensitivity that causes their lung tissue to react far more than is should to various stimulating factors or triggers. For this reason, people with asthma are said to have "twitchy airways."Some symptoms that people with asthma commonly experience are chest tightenings, difficulty inhaling and exhaling, wheezing, production of large amounts of mucous in their windpipes and coughing.Coughing can be frequent or intermittent, and can be

R: Cough excessive amount of yellow sputum with no odor, difficulty breathing, lack of energy, malaise, fatigue, poor appetite and lost “a little weight” over the past few weeks.

The word Asthma, in its original Greek form (ἅσθμα, or ásthma) (akin to aázein) means “panting” or “to breath hard”. Panting and heavy breathing are common visible symptoms of an individual who has Asthma. “Asthma is fairly common, and can be described as chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction and bronchospasm” (NHLBI, 2007). The most common symptoms of this disease are coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, which are all visible as well as a feeling of tightness in the chest.

Although asthma and COPD share some degree of clinical overlap, they are frequently viewed as separate diseases.[9] The most difficult group of patients in which to distinguish the 2 conditions are those who are current or former smokers with a 15- to 20-pack-year history. In smokers as young as 30 to 40 years, clinical and pathologic manifestations resembling early-stage COPD may be present, which is suggestive of a mixed or intermediary

Asthma is chronic lung condition since it starts from childhood and could last until your adults. The typical symptoms are chest tightness, coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath usually during the morning or night. It affects all ages, and over 25 million have asthma, and 7 million of them are kids.

Asthma is a very common disease as stated by many researchers (Beasley et al., 2015). Asthma affects the lungs directly. It causes the airways for breathing to be narrowed and inflamed which causes less air to flow into the lungs for proper breathing. It can cause wheezing, chest tightness or pressure, coughing, and shortness of breath. It is usually detected with a lung function

Symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma are very similar and include: ongoing dry cough, shortness of breath, tightness in chest, wheezing, dizziness (due to lack of oxygen), and sometimes regular colds and flus (AIHW, 2005

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), also known as Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COLD), is a kind of lung disease distinguished by poor airflow which gets worse with time. COPD is associated with shortness of breath, production of sputum and cough. An Acute Exacerbation of COPD is a condition characterized by increased shortness of breath, excessive amount of sputum production and cough. This condition is a major cause of mortality and morbidity.

Answer-: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease. Its characterized by obstruction, hyperinflation, mucus secretion that’s leads to mucus plug formation, limitation of airflow.

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of COPD. Most people who have COPD is a smoker or use to smoke. Other things that cause COPD is long term exposure to other lung irritants, such as air pollution, chemical fumes, or dust. However, most cases is always linked to cigarette smoking. Other diseases that are linked to COPD are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. With COPD less air flows in and out of your lungs; your airways or the air sac have lose or losing the ability to stretch . Most of the walls between the air sacs are no longer there. Airways become inflamed and get thicker , they produce more mucous then they need and it clogs the airways.

According to the clinical presentation of this patient the definitive diagnosis is COPD which is chronic bronchitis. According to Buttaro (2013), symptoms of chronic bronchitis include a cough that persists for most days of the month, for at least three months and at least two years in a row.

According to the Center for Disease Control (http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/copd.html), cigarette smoking is responsible for 80% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cases. Smoking can be attributed to this class of diseases because it causes lung damage and inflammation that can lead to COPD. Airways become clogged as excess mucus accumulates to move tar out of the body, they become thick and enflamed, and air sacs may lose their elasticity and become destroyed, all affecting gas diffusion capacity. A nagging cough, shortness of breath, and due to the reduced oxygen levels in the blood, discoloration of lips and fingernails are a few of the potential symptoms of this class of diseases.

R: Cough excessive amount of yellow sputum with no odor, difficulty breathing, lack of energy, malaise, fatigue, poor appetite and lost “a little weight” over the past few weeks.