Bohemian War Causes

In 1517, Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses on a Church in Germany and began a change Europe. Many people second guessed how the Catholic Church was practicing religious teachings and this grew in Germany. After years of battling for religious reforms, a new religion was formed named Lutheranism. Between 1524 and 1526, German peasants began to revolt the Holy Roman Empire. The peasant revolts were caused by greed and wanting to get rid of serfdom and corrupt leaders in the Holy Roman Empire, and both positive and negative responses were seen. Most positive responses were seen by peasants while most negative responses were shown by some religious leaders and Holy Roman Empire leaders.

Martin Luther is a ruler that was from Saxony. He had begun the Protestant Reformation in 16th-century Europe. The way he began the Protestant tradition is by taking his followers and soon splitting from the Roman Catholic church. Europe had split into two, the north and the south. People closer to Rome were more catholic. Those for whom was further were not as catholic. Charles the fifth came along and created peace. He created peace by beating them to be Christians. Charles didn't have enough power so he made power with the Lutherans. He later then gave up because he saw himself as a failure and stepped down from

The Protestant Reformation of the Catholic Church devastated the religious unity of Christian Europe, resulting in a great deal of antagonism, which in turn led to the persecutions, denial of civil rights, expulsion, and ultimately the torture and death of many men, women and children. The ongoing conflict was not consigned to one distinct European nation, but was experienced in every European nation that the Catholic Church ruled and reigned. There was no worldview in Europe at that time that allowed for the religious differences of men to coexist peaceably.

The revolts’ were quite connected to new religious teachings, as prior to and during the revolts, the Protestant Reformation was taking hold, and with it the rise of Lutheranism in particular. Indeed, Leonhard von Eck, the Chancellor of Bavaria, in his report to Duke Ludwig of Bavaria (Document 1) would go so far as to state that the primary cause of the revolts was Lutheran teachings.

he was seen as a prophet who had come to lead the way for the arrival

Before the war, the Holy Roman Empire already began to have its struggles. In 1555, the Peace of Augsburg was recognized. It stated that the individual prince of the Holy Roman Empire could determine the religion of his subjects. The Peace of Augsburg was unraveling as some converted bishops had not

In the 16th century intellectual, religious, cultural, and political views divided Catholic Europe and caused the Protestant Reformation. The way things turned out still effect and determine the structures and beliefs to this day. People like John Calvin, Henry VIII, and Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church on how it delivers Christian views. They disagreed on how the religious and political power was being distributed into the hands of the Bible. The argument began wars, persecutions and a Counter Reformation. Most historians usually believe that the start of the Protestant Reformation was around 1517 when Martin Luther published “95 Theses”. The ending is anywhere from 1555 which would allow the coexistence of Catholicism

Although he absolutely opposed Martin Luther and the entire protestant reformation, his actions were crucial in the spread of the reformation. When Emperor Charles V agreed to a revival of the imperial Supreme Court and the council of regency and promised to consult with a diet of the empire on all major domestic affairs that affected the empire, he helped the development of the reformation by preventing unilateral imperial action against the Germans. Overwhelmed by all the land he controlled and the Habsburg wars he was involved in, Charles V was not able to stop Luther from reforming the church. He eventually gave up and signed the Peace of Augsburg on September 25, 1555. The Peace of Augsburg was the legalization of Catholicism and Lutheranism in the country of Germany. As a result to this peace treaty, the protestant reformation was spread throughout Germany and began to

14. ’05 Compare and contrast the motives and actions of Martin Luther in the German states and King Henry VIII in England in bringing about religious change during the Reformation.

The French and Indian war represents the generic notion for what is known in the history of the European continent as the Seven Years War. This war represented an important moment in the history of the United States, despite the fact that the actual confrontation and the political disputes had included the French and the British. Although the political matters were related to the colonial issues the two sides had on the European continent, the major battlefield in this sense were disputed in the American colonies. It marked a crucial point in the creation of the United States and in defining the territorial identity of the country.

The Lutheran Reformation is particularly associated with the German territories and the pervasive personal influence of one charismatic individual Martin Luther. Luther’s concern was the doctrine of justification, which formed his central point of his religious thoughts. The Lutheran Reformation was initially an academic movement, concerned primarily with reforming the teaching of theology at the University of Wittenberg (McGrath 2007). The Lutheran began in 1822 this happen after Luther’s return to Wittenberg from his enforced isolation in Wartburg. Luther was condemned for “false doctrine” by the Diet of Worms in 1512 (Noll 2000).

Frederick and Ferdinand began to raise their own armies by asking for help from other European countries. Ferdinand received assistance from Maximilian of Bavaria. In Western Civilizaton, it also mentions him getting help from Spain. He ensured this help by promising Frederick’s lands to them. Wedgwood explains that this could be considered unconstitutional according to the Peace of Augsburg. Ferdinand signed this document declaring that “German liberties” would be observed in 1555. This means that each country can have its own religion if it’s Catholic or Lutheran and that they are the Electors for the empire. If the German princes do not consent to the impeachment of Frederick as Bohemian king, then giving the land away is stealing.

17th Century Germany established itself as a time and place filled with unrest, hostility and a general unrestrained nature. Split by the thirty years war (1618-1648), conflict was rampant in Germany's lands and townships. While powerful figures, including princes, struggled for their independence within the state, troops of independent military groups pillaged and destroyed peasants dwellings, livelihoods, and towns. German cities were often destroyed more than 9 times. The subsidization of many of the troops in Germany by France, as well as Germany’s placement helplessly between France and Spain's alliances left it in a difficult situation.

“We could keep on arguing for a hundred years and it wouldn’t get us anywhere! Until you can get rid of my verse I will not admit defeat.” (Documents on the Continental Reformation, p.97) When people are liberated with the power to think for themselves and own their own ideas, differences in opinion will occur. When we look at the Protestant Reformation we will see that key individuals such as Martin Luther and Ulrich Zwingli, even though they are protesting similar things, develop differences upon the way, especially in the way they interpret Scripture. These differences, in any movement, will ultimately affect the outcome and the development of the Protestant movement that started in 1517 with Luther. This essay aims to examine these differences between Luther and Zwingli and find out how the Protestant movement was affected by their differing opinions. Firstly, Luther and Zwingli’s reformations will be observed individually and what they each stood for and then we will discuss their major differences and the influence they had on the Protestant movement.

The revolts were caused by a series of factors including religion, starvation and taxation, and feudalism. Religion played a serious factor in the revolts against in the German States. The people of Germany were, originally, under the rule of the Roman Catholic Church. In this time, the church was held above everything and the people were supposed to put their faith before themselves. In the Enlightenment, when Martin Luther came with his Protestant religion, people started to question whether or not they should be oppressed by the Catholic religion or believe in a new one that is centered around individual faith (Peasants war, n.d). According to Leonhard von Eck, “this rebellion has been undertaken to repress the princes and the nobility and has its ultimate source in Lutheran teachings” (von Eck, 1525). Additionally,