Bone Cancer

This cancer is a bone cancer that attack the bones, especially large bones. This cancer is named osteogenic sarcoma(Osteosarcoma) for medical term (“Osteosarcoma”, n.d.). Osteosarcoma mostly affects people under 25 years old, and it can affect old people but it is really rare(“Osteosarcoma: An Introduction.”, 2012). When this cancer attacks, it grows bones, and any type of bone (“Bone cancer”,2013). This cancer is an ancient disease that we started to recognize in 1805. Most of the symptoms are on the bones (“Bone cancer”,2013). It also is not contagious so its not passed from person to person like other diseases.

The bone is made up of combined bones, bone marrow. Bone marrow is found in the middle of the main bone and it has blood vessles.There is two types of bone marrow are the red and the yellow. This type of cancer my effect the red blood cells, white blood cells, and

Osteosarcoma is an ancient disease that still has some mystery behind it. Osteosarcoma is a type of cancer that starts in the bones. It is also the most common type of bone cancer, and makes up 65% of all bone cancer. However, it is a very rare cancer and has fewer than 20,000 cases per year in The USA. The cells that form an osteosarcoma make bone matrix, similar to osteoblasts. However, the bone matrix of an osteosarcoma is not as strong as a bone matrix from an osteoblast, and therefore is not as strong as normal bones. The most common age group affected by osteosarcoma is children and young adults. However, osteosarcoma can occur at any age. Osteosarcoma is most commonly found in areas of the bone that grow quickly, which is why children are more likely to get this type of cancer. The most common place to find osteosarcoma is the end of long bones, especially in the knee, distal femur, and proximal tibia. The proximal humerus is typically the most common site. The treatments of

There’s a biopsy where they take out the spot where they think the cancer is and test it for cancer. A CT scanning adds X-ray images with the aid of a computer to show across-parts and views of a patient's body. PET scans are often used to diagnose a condition or how a condition is developing in the body. They are used alongside X-rays. Patients are told to not eat for at least four to six hours before the scan but they can drink a lot of water. An MRI is a machine that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues within your body. An X-Ray is an electromagnetic wave of high energy and very short wavelength, which is able to pass through many materials and to show through light. A bone scan is a nuclear imaging test that helps diagnose and track several types of bone disease. For treatment there are many different options. You have surgery, then you can have radiation therapy; and the high energy radiation kills cancer cells. Certain Kinase Inhibitors treat cancer that has a certain abnormal gene. Chemo Therapy is a drug treatment that blocks the spread of cancer. Immunotherapy is a treatment that teaches the body its defense system. Melanoma is found in body cells. The cancer is found in melanocytes, specialized cells in skin that produce brown color to skin known as

Osteosarcoma(OS) is a primary malignant tumor of bone which is characterized by the formation of osteoid tissue. Although it is the most common malignancy of long bones after multiple myeloma [2], it is a relatively rarer entity in the craniofacial region. About 6% of Oss arise in the jaws .The estimated incidence of the new cases of Jaw OS (JOS) per year is 0 .07 in 100,000. (1) The etiology of OS is unknown, but some risk factors such as a previous history of ionizing radiation, alkylating agent, retinoblastoma and benign bone lesions such as paget disease and fibro osseous dysplasia have been associated with the development of head and neck OS.(2-4) JOS occur with a peak in the third through fifth decades of life. The mean age is

Physicians can perform tests on DNA, RNA and cell proteins to determine if cancer is present within the body. After an individual discovers a sign that leads them to believe that cancerous cells are present within their body, an assessment of a biopsy is the most accurate and common procedure to determine the presence and type of cancer. A biopsy is a process in which a small sample of body tissue is removed and examined by an expert. These processes of detection lead to the declaration of cancer type and viable treatment plans.

Imagine if every time your knee was sore, or your arm was sore, you had to go see the doctors. This commonly happens to children, and adults who are diagnosed with Osteosarcoma. Since Osteosarcoma is a bone tumor/cancer, the symptoms and treatment have an impact on everyday life.

There are 206 bones in the adult human skeleton; these bones relate to movement, posture, and protect internal organs (American society of Clinical Oncology, 2012).Bones connect to bones with ligaments and are covered and protected by cartilage (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012).Cancer of the bone is rare but is caused by normal bone marrow and tissues inside the bone that change and form tumors(American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The tumor happens in the bone and is benign it does not spread (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The benign tumor can press against surrounding tissues and weaken the bone it it grows big enough (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Malignant bone tumors break the surrounding tissue and cortex, hard covering of the bone (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The tumor can then get into the bloodstream and spread all over the body (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Osteosarcoma and ewing sarcoma are the two most common type of bone cancer (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Chondrosarcoma is more common in adults and is cancer of the cartilage (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The last type of bone cancer is chordoma which usually starts in the lower spinal cord (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Ewing sarcoma is a type of bone cancer that affects the hip, rib, and middle of bone most often (National Cancer Institution, 2015). Ewing

Bone cancer is considered as a rare disease in which cancer cells grow in the bone tissue. It requires to be treated immediately because when bone tumor grows, it presses on healthy bone tissue and can destroy it, which causes pain and swelling where the tumor is located. People has bone cancer will experience burning pain at the early stage and as the tumor develops, the pain become more persistent. Beside that, the bone can easily break due to the cancerous cells can weaken the bone. In some cases, if the tumor grows near a joint, it may make normal movements

American Cancer Society (2014) states that osteosarcoma is a rare cancer that starts primarily in the bone. According to the American Cancer Society (2014), annually, about 800 people are newly diagnosed with osteosarcoma in the United States of America. Among the newly diagnosed cases, 400 are children and teenagers. Osteosarcoma is usually observed in children, adolescents and adults ages 10 to30. Of the three mentioned, teenagers are mostly affected, nonetheless osteosarcoma can happen at any stage. Osteosarcoma usually begins in the legs, close to the end of the long bones primarily targeting the knee. Another commonplace for osteosarcoma to be present is near the

Osteosarcomas are primary malignant tumors of the bone characterized by the production of osteoid or immature bone by malignant cells. Although uncommon in general, they are the most common primary malignancy of bone in children and adolescents, and the fifth most common malignancy among adolescents and young adults age 15–19 years old. There is a bimodal age distribution of osteosarcoma incidence, with peaks in early adolescence and in adults over the age of 65. In children, the majority of cases are sporadic, while in older adults, about one third of the cases arise in the setting of Paget disease of the bone. Risk factors include prior irradiation or chemotherapy, Paget disease and other benign bone lesions, and inherited conditions. The majority of patients with osteosarcoma present with localized pain over several months’ duration. The pain commonly begins after an injury and may wax and wane over time. The most important finding on physical examination is a soft tissue mass, which may be large and tender to palpation. Osteosarcomas are commonly found in the metaphyseal region of the long bones, most commonly the distal femur and proximal tibia. Laboratory evaluation may find elevations in alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Characteristic features found on plain radiographs include destruction of the normal trabecular bone pattern, indistinct margins, and lack of endosteal bone

If a doctor suspects that a person has multiple myeloma, the doctor would order testing that falls into four categories: Bone Marrow Biopsy, Blood Testing, Urine Testing, and Bone Testing. A bone marrow biopsy is when a doctor inserts a long, thin needle into the patient and then withdraws some of the bone marrow (Multiple Myeloma World 13). There are many ways to test a person’s bones including an X-ray, an MRI, a CT Scan, a Nuclear Medicine Scan, a PET Scan, or, if needed, bone

Just the idea of a cancer makes people anxious and terrified. There are many different types of cancers, in which are not less dangerous then the other, if not caught on time. Although it is the year 2015 and there has been an extraordinary amount of medical advances in cancer treatment, there is still no cure. This leads to mysterious thoughts of cancer returning, to people all over the world. Cancer in the bones can play an enormous part in other body parts if not caught on time. Cancers such as breast, lung, prostate etc. can call lead to cancer in the bones. This is not necessarily “bone cancer” itself, but for example, if breast cancer is too far advanced, and it reaches the bones, the course of treatment is not changed, because it still looks and acts as breast cancer. This is called metastatic cancer. Although some may confuse cancer in the bones, and bone cancer, bone cancer itself is different. This is often called sarcoma. Along with sarcomas starting in the bone, it can also start in muscles, blood vessels and fibrosis tissue. The primary and most common type of sarcomas is Osteosarcoma.

in a person’s likelihood for developing bone cancer? Well that is what we will be

Since the mid-1900, bone diseases have been diagonized using various radionuclides. In 1971 99mTc-labeled polyphosphonates was first used in bone scintigraphy [1]. Intravenous injection, followed by radiopharmaceutical adsorption happens at the bone surface within some hours. Perfusion of the bones and the of bone metabolism are the controlling factor of adsorption. As the bone seeking radiopharmaceuticals are excreted by the kidneys, and the kidneys and bladder can be seen routinely on a bone scan, the total uptake is a function of the combination of perfusion and metabolism rate and on renal function [2]. The epiphysieal plates of children or bone with mechanical sress shows high uptake. Additionally, in several pathophysiological conditions, even extraskeletal accumulation of tracer can be seen, e.g. in scars, myositis ossificans, liver metastases or tumors.10-12 On the other hand, fat patients (high absorption of radiation) and patients with renal failure show a reduced bone-to-background contrast resulting in degraded images [2].