Bone Cells Essay

One of the key elements of regulating skeletal growth is the Osteoclasts. The Osteoclasts are responsible for initiating the bone remodeling cycle. Blood vessels and nerves are able to penetrate the bone once the chondrocytes die

Haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) regulate the turnover of platelets, erythrocytes and all immune cells by changing between self-renewal and differentiation to a variety of specialised cells. Osteoblasts has a major role of secretion of mineralized bone matrix proteins and cells of the osteoblast lineage regulating osteoclast differentiation. (Purton & Scadden, 2008)

Bone is a living tissue and made up of cartilage. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva bone appears as normal bone tissue, but it develops in the wrong places. Osteogenesis and ossification are medical terms which refer to the formation of bone. Most bones in the human body grow and heal up after a break through endochondral bone formation, which is how FOP bones grow. Cartilage forms first and then the bone will eventually take the place of cartilage.

Bones possess five important functions including, support, protection, movement, storage and blood cell formation (Marieb, 2012). Bones protect and support the body by acting as a rigid framework surrounding delicate organs and tolerating enormous pressure when weight bearing and moving (Marieb, 2012). Bones are also responsible for storing fat, minerals and producing blood cells (hematopoiesis) within the cavities of bone marrow (McCance & Huether, 2014) (Marieb,

Natural bone tissue possesses a nanocomposite structure that provides appropriate physical and biological properties. For bone tissue regeneration, it is crucial for the biomaterial to mimic living bone tissue. Since no single type of material is able to mimic the composition, structure and properties of native bone, nanocomposites are the best choice for bone tissue regeneration as they can provide the appropriate matrix environment, integrate desirable biological properties, and provide controlled, sequential delivery of multiple growth factors for the different stages of bone tissue regeneration. Bioactive polymer/hydroxyapatite (nano) composites are currently being intensively investigated as materials for promotion of bone tissue regeneration

There are approximately two hundred six bones in our body and they're essential in our life. Bones consists of osseous tissue, nervous tissue, and epithelial and muscle tissue. Examples are the femur, humerus, clavicle, and sternum. The bones have many different functions in our bodies, but basically, their main functions are to provide support and protection for the body. Bones provide a framework that supports our body and bones such as skull, vertebrae and rib cage try to prevent internal organs from injuries. Also, bones enable movement by providing points of attachment for muscles and they produce blood cells, also known as hematopoiesis in the red marrow. Lastly, bones store minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus for different cellular activities and store lipids in adipose cells of the yellow marrow as an energy reservoir. There are different shapes and textures of bones. Bones can be flat, such as scapula and sternum, or irregular like the sphenoid bone and vertebra. Also, bones can be short or long. Examples of short bones are the carpal bone and talus and long bones are ulna, femur, and radius. In terms of texture, bones can be compact or spongy. Compact bones are dense and heavy while spongy bones are porous and light. Both types of bones are connective tissues. Usually compact bones are the out layer of a bone and spongy bones are the internal portion of the bone.

The pathophysiology of how strong bone becomes osteoporotic is an interesting process. The body is continuously trying to maintain a sense of homeostasis and keep every cell and organ within the body at a constant state of happiness. During the homeostatic process, cells of bone are continuously undergoing processes of formation and resorption. This all-inclusive progression of building up bone occurs throughout life and is the key in modifying bones during trauma or just natural growth (Van der Kamp, 2012). Bone cells that assist with formation of bone are called osteoclasts, and bone cells that assist with the resorption of bone are called osteoclasts.

Throughout life the skeletal system is constantly changing. Bone modeling, formation and growth of bones, occurs from birth to early adulthood resulting in increase in skeletal mass and changes in skeletal form. Naturally the peak bone mass is achieved in the third decade of life, meaning the bones are at their strongest state in human development. Bone remodeling, a response to micro trauma and stress on the bone, is a dynamic process that also occurs through life. Bone is composed of collagen type 1, a protein, minerals such as calcium and phosphate and bone forming cells (osteoblasts and osteocytes) as wells as bone resorbing cells known as osteoclasts. Calcium is a main contributor of bone strength. In fact 99% of calcium is stored in bones and teeth with one percent remaining in the blood. The process of bone remodeling is activated by stressors such as weight bearing and is necessary to maintain bone mass in an adult. It’s a dynamic process in which bone resorption is always

Bones contain collagen (protein), calcium salts and other minerals. Each bone is made up of a thick outer shell known as cortical bone and a strong inner mesh of trabecular bone which looks like a honeycomb. Bone is alive and constantly changing throughout life. Old, worn out bone is broken down by cells called osteoclasts and replaced by bone building cells called osteoblasts. In childhood, osteoblasts work faster, enabling the skeleton to increase in size, density and strength. During this period of rapid bone growth, it takes the skeleton just two years to completely renew itself. In adults this process takes seven to ten years.

There are 206 bones of the human skeleton. Bone is a connective tissue that are considered organs. Bones are composed of collagen and a mineral called hydroxyapatite, it gives the bones its incredible strength. The bones are important structures in the body for several reasons they support, protect, produce hormones, store minerals and growth factors and allows the body to move. Homeostatic imbalance of the bone can result in diseases of the bone such as Osteitis Deformans, which causes a weak growth of development of bones.

The television show BONES is a program that chronicles cases investigated by Dr. Brennan (portrayed by Emily Deschanel) and her team. Even though this program makes a significant effort to be accurate, it is apparent to those with knowledge of forensic anthropology that a few corners have been cut along the way. In the twelfth episode of season five, “The Proof in the Pudding,” Bones and her team are asked to find the cause of death of a “John Doe.” Approximately ten minutes into the episode Bones begins to age and sex the remains, in which time she states that the development of the costochondral junction is indicative of an individual 39 years of age or older, noted by the “late phase development in the costochondral junction.”

bones are essential as they surround internal organs e.g. your heart which stops them from getting damaged. Bones are a living tissue which is muscular and firm; slightly to resist breaking. The bones get their strength from storing minerals e.g. calcium and phosphorus. They produce blood cells which help the body fight against infections. Your bones allow you to walk and run as they work together with muscles. Bones can be flexible as well due to collagen. This makes it hard for the bones to break. However, bones can easily become brittle and this can be due to old age but when

To understand osteoporosis, it is important to learn about the bone. Bone is a living, growing tissue that is formed by specialized cell. It provides structure and support, protect the organs and store 99% of the body's calcium; It needs exercise to gain strength. It is made up mostly of collagen, a protein that provides a soft framework, and calcium phosphate, a mineral that adds strength and hardens the framework. The combination of both collagen and calcium phosphate makes the bone both flexible and strong.

Bone serves the organism at multiple levels: As a system, bones permit the organism to locomote effectively and to maintain posture by bearing loads without deformation, by providing rigid attachment sites for muscles and acting as a system of levers to amplify small movements. As an organ, bones protect the viscera and house the hemopoietic tissue (red marrow). As a tissue, bones serve as a reservoir of readily mobilizable calcium, an

Bone cancer is a disease that occurs on or inside a bone. Usually, bone cancer involves a tumor filled with abnormal cells that will occasionally appear on the exterior of the bone. Similar to other types of cancer, bone cancer can be life threatening. Doctors are not completely sure what causes cancer, but they continue the search to find an answer. There are five different types of bone cancer that can affect people from ages 10-60 years old. Bone cancer can occur in any bone in the body from the legs to the head. Unfortunately, symptoms of bone cancer are not always obvious. Most of the time, pain is the most apparent symptom. When recognizing symptoms at an early stage, doctors can complete testing and supply treatment to