Bone: Distal radius fracture, non-displaced, in a healthy middle-age adult.
The primary cellular components of bone tissue are osteoblasts and osteocytes, and these are distinguished by their location and their function.1 The osteoblast is the bone-forming cell that eventually becomes an osteocyte. During this intermediate changeover, the cells are referred to as intermediate cells. “Bone matrix is comprised of three elements: organic, mineral, and fluid. Organic components constitute 39% of the total bone volume, which contains 95% type I collagen and 5% proteoglycans. Minerals include primarily calcium hydroxyapatite crystals and contribute about half of total bone volume.”1 Within the matrix, collagen fibers are responsible for providing tensile strength. Eventually, calcification and ossification of the fibrous matrix forms individual bony trabeculae that together constitute a primary ossification center.2 The arrangement of the collagen/trabeculae along the length of the bone give the bone its tensile strength; the resistive strength against bending/breaking.1,2 The density of the bone is provided by calcium salts which are necessary to provide resistive strength against compressive forces, such as load/weight bearing activities.1 Stresses from weight bearing and using muscles provide the necessary stimulus for the formation and organization of collagen/trabeculae to form architecturally strong bones. Typically, when no injury or disease is present, bone
Our bone tissues are made of a much harder substance than the cartilage, but they can be worn away by friction. They are tough on the outside, but on the inside they have a sponge-like design that helps to reduce the weight while retaining strength. They are designed to maintain the body’s structure and support the body’s movement and are used to protect weaker tissues, such as the brain, lungs and heart.
The bones are made up of two minerals, including calcium. Calcium is critical in order to maintain the level of bone mass to support structures of the body. If calcium is truncated in other regions of the body then it will be released from the bones into the bloodstream sending it to the appropriate destination. Bones begin to weaken if an insufficient amount of calcium is not consumed. The body will discontinue absorbing calcium if an abundant amount of calcium is consumed, in which vitamin D aids this process.
The skeletal system is made up of cartilage and bone. Both bone and cartilage are connective tissues, that is, they are composed of cells in a matrix with intracellular fibers. Just imagine connective tissue as a gelatin salad with grapes and coconut. The grapes would represent cells, the gelatin the support material for matrix, and the pieces of coconut the intracellular fibers. By changing the amounts of each ingredient and adding extra substances, we can produce a material that is very hard like bone and can withstand weight or softer like cartilage which can be used as a cushioning material.
The skeletal system is made up of cartilage and bone. Both bone and cartilage are connective tissues, that is, they are composed of cells in a matrix with intracellular fibers. Just imagine connective tissue as a gelatin salad with grapes and coconut. The grapes would represent cells, the gelatin the support material for matrix, and the pieces of coconut the intracellular fibers. By changing the amounts of each ingredient and adding extra substances, we can produce a material that is very hard like bone and can withstand weight or softer like cartilage which can be used as a cushioning material. In this exercise, we will examine a fresh raw chicken bone to study bone
It also protect soft internal organs for an example brain and heart from injury. Skeleton with muscle is strong bones that can enable the body to move freely. Individuals who is at increase risk for fractures may be difficult to heal because of the weakened bones. This can lead to loss of mobility, the inability to retain independent living and even death. Osteoporosis can gives a huge effect to human skeletal due to decreased mineralization of the bone. Human skeletal consist of two types of bones which is compact bones and spongy bones. Compact bones is a bone that has a solid outer surface while spongy bone is inner bone that less dense than compact bone which has many holes like sponge. A spongy bone does not have osteon.The matrix forms an open network of trabeculae. Healthy bone is dense enough to support and protect body and to handle stresses of movement and minor injuries while osteoporosis has abnormally thin bones with larger holes on spongy
What is osteoporosis exactly? Literally, osteoporosis means “porous bone”. Derived from oste/o, meaning bone, and –porosis, meaning the condition of being porous. It is an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation. Clinically defined as a disorder characterized by compromised bone strength leading to an increased risk of fracture (Lane, 2006). Normal bone structure includes an extracellular matrix with mineralized and non-mineralized components, which gives the bones their mechanical properties, as well as collagen and mineralized osteoid cells. Calcium concentration is extremely important is determining the compressive strength of the bone (Bethel, 2015). The structure of bone in an individual with osteoporosis has lost mineralization and collagen due to a decrease in the production of these components as a result, the bones become porous and brittle. Bone is living tissue, constantly being broken down and reformed through out life. Derived from
Bone is a living tissue and made up of cartilage. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva bone appears as normal bone tissue, but it develops in the wrong places. Osteogenesis and ossification are medical terms which refer to the formation of bone. Most bones in the human body grow and heal up after a break through endochondral bone formation, which is how FOP bones grow. Cartilage forms first and then the bone will eventually take the place of cartilage.
Describe the microscopic features of osseous tissue that normally help long bones withstand lateral stress without breaking.
Bones are structured to provide strength, protection, and movement. In addition the structure allows the bones to serve as a reservoir for several minerals including calcium because calcium can quickly move between the bone and the blood.
As the human species age, the bones in the body go through a process called remodeling. Remodeling, is when the bone cells dissolve (osteoclasts) and new bone cells grow back (osteoblasts). (www.oseofound.org). However, when osteoporosis has occurred the amount of bone loss increases faster than the growth of new bone. This results in the bones becoming porous, brittle and prone to fracture.
A fracture is a broken bone. Some of the most common causes of fractures are car accidents, falls, and sports-related inuries. There are several options for treating a fracture. Open fracture treatment is when the fracture site is surgically opened or exposed. This can be with or without manipulation and with or without skeletal traction. One type of open fracture treatment is internal fixation with a fixation device. In this type of treatment the doctor repositions or "reduces" the pieces of broken bone into normal alignment. Then screws and/or metal plates are used to connect the broken bone. It may also be necessary for the doctor to insert rods through the center of the bone. Another type of treatment is open fracture treatment. With closed fracture treatment, the fracture site is not surgically opened or removed. The different methods for closed fracture treatment. These include casting, traction, and an external fixation device. Casting is used to stabilize a broken bone and keep broken bone pieces from moving during healing. The cast is usually made from fiberglass or plaster. Traction can be used stabalize the injured area. With traction the muscles and tendons around the bone are stretched. The traction is controlled by a pulley and weights system in a metal frame above the bed. In exteranal fixation
The primary cause of a fracture is trauma from car accidents, sports injuries and falls. The trauma may be a direct blow to the bone or an indirect force from muscle contractions or pulling on the bone. Other factors that may contribute to fractures include: vigorous exercise, malnutrition, genetic factors, and osteoporosis. The most common cause of a distal radius fracture is falling onto an outstretched arm (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2013). “Wrist fractures of the distal radius are common and may present special problems for the surgeon and therapist. There are several categories of distal radius fractures, but the Colles fracture of the distal radius is the most common injury to the wrist and may result in limitations in wrist flexion and extension, as well as forearm pronation and supination, resulting from the involvement of the distal radioulnar joint” (Early, p.613).
from high impact. The composition of the orbital socket consist of seven flat bones and
The skeletal system is made up of bones and joints. Bones are a dry dense tissue that is composed of calcium phosphorous and organic matter. The bones are protected and covered by a layer of fibrous connective tissue membrane called the periosteum (Brown, et al., 2015, p. 1547). There are two basic types of bone tissue: Compact Bone and Spongy Bone. Compact bones are dense smooth bones, while Spongy bones are composed of small needle-like pieces of bones and open space. Bones are then categorised according to the shape of the bone into four groups: long, short, flat and irregular. Long bones characteristically are typically longer then they are wide and generally have a shaft with heads at either ends e.g. the humerus. They are mainly compact bones. Short bones
Osseous tissue contains specialized cells, cell products, and a fluid matrix. The distinctive solid, stony nature of bone results from the deposition of calcium salts within the matrix. Crystals of calcium phosphate account for almost two-thirds of the weight of the bone. The majority of