Bone regeneration is a complex, well-orchestrated physiological process of bone formation, which can be seen during normal fracture healing, and is involved in continuous remodelling throughout adult life. However, there are complex clinical conditions in which bone regeneration is required in large quantity, such as for skeletal reconstruction of large bone defects created by trauma, infection, tumour resection and skeletal abnormalities, or cases in which the regenerative process is compromised, including avascular necrosis, atrophic non-unions and osteoporosis. Currently, there is a plethora of different strategies to augment the impaired or 'insufficient' bone-regeneration process, including the 'gold standard' autologous bone graft, free …show more content…
Standard approaches widely used in clinical practice to stimulate or augment bone regeneration include distraction osteogenesis and bone transport [6,7], and the use of a number of different bone-grafting methods, such as autologous bone grafts, allografts, and bone-graft substitutes or growth factors [8,9]. An alternative method for bone regeneration and reconstruction of long-bone defects is a two-stage procedure, known as the Masquelet technique. It is based on the concept of a "biological" membrane, which is induced after application of a cement spacer at the first stage and acts as a 'chamber' for the insertion of non-vascularised autograft at the second stage [10]. There are even non-invasive methods of biophysical stimulation, such as low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) and pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) [11-13], which are used as adjuncts to enhance bone …show more content…
A variety of methods are currently used to treat bone loss or limb-length discrepancies and deformities, including external fixators and the Ilizarov technique [6,7], combined unreamed intramedullary nails with external monorail distraction devices [14], or intramedullary lengthening devices [15]. However, these methods are technically demanding and have several disadvantages, including associated complications, requirement for lengthy treatment for both the distraction (1 mm per day) and the consolidation period (usually twice the distraction phase), and effects on the patient's psychology and well-being
The skeletal system has 6 main functions and makes up 18% of the overall weight of the human body. (Tortora and Derrickson, 2011)
Michael Longaker’s interests lie at the intersection of wound/bone regeneration and stem cell biology. In the Peripheral Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Candidate Cells Responsible for Healing Critical-Sized Calvarial Bone Defects, the efficacy of peripheral blood (PB) for use in regenerative medicine is significant, with its retrieval viewed as relatively easy. Experiments such as bone regeneration were carried out with the use of PB stem cells. The paper finds that through a specific coculturing process mesenchymal cells can be derived from PB (CD34+) which happen to be choice candidates for quicker bone healing and re-calcification in bone defects (Li). The key discoveries here are the identification of easily retrievable source of stem cells, which help give rise, under a specific culturing protocol, to a specific group of non-hematopoietic cells. This is directly in line with Dr. Longaker’s research as he investigates the possible uses of regenerative medicine in skeletal regeneration. Here we are provided an example of how these CD45- cells can be utilized for treatment of bone defects as it facilitations bone formation and osteogenesis. What should be asked here is how viable is this form of treatment. There is a lot of discussion surrounding the necessary conditions to produce these BD-MSCs and how it is very condition dependent. It would have been preferable to know the amount of time and the amount of cells required to see efficient
Many people enjoy films that make a lot of money in the box office because they know that they are well written and well heard of. However, these are not the only type of movies out there. There are some well written movies with big name actors in them, that weren't even in the box office. One of those movies is a movie called Winter's Bone. Winter's Bone is a small film with a cast you probably don't know too much about besides for one person. That one person is Jennifer Lawrence. Many of you might know her as Mystique from the Newer X-men movie or better yet Katniss from the Hunger Game series. However, in the film Winter's Bone she plays a much more vital role as Ree Dolly. A role that I feel not many could
This procedure is known as a realignment osteotomy, and is usually only used once the growth plate has already fused. During surgery, the bone is cut to either shorten it, lengthen it, or change its alignment. Also during surgery, closing wedges, opening wedges, a dome, plates, screws, or smooth pins could be put it. One method using plates and screws is guiding the bone growth with a non-locking titanium plate that is held in place with screws. This procedure reduces growth on the opposite side. The implant can be removed if the opportunity arises (Gopakumar 67).
Bones are dynamic tissues that undergo changes need to maintain bone and calcium homeostasis through a process called bone remodeling. Bone remodeling is an essential process that repairs damaged bone and maintains mineral homeostasis. This process is regulated by two main cells that perform opposite, but complementary function. Osteoblasts are the main bone forming cells that originate from mesenchymal stem cell lineage. Osteoblasts produce bone matrix which they later mineralized to form bone. During the process of bone formation, matured osteoblasts usually get trapped in the bone matrix and become osteocytes. Osteoclasts on the other hand, are the main bone resorbing cells; they resorb bone producing proteolytic enzyme and acid. In response
Different types of osteobiologic materials include: metal-based, ceramic-based and polymer-based bone graft substitutes either with or without various types of cells. Some of these materials may have various bioactive molecules such as growth factors embedded in them [47], [48-52] for example: BMP-2 [53-55], TGF-b [54], GDF-5 [56, 57] and VEGF [58] or a mixture [57], since these growth factors are among of the multiple factors expressed during bone regeneration [59-61]. Such materials have been investigated widely in literature[62], [63] to exhibit specific responses. Calcium phosphate showed osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties in the form of sintered ceramics [64-67], cements [68, 69], and coatings [70, 71]. Besides calcium phosphate
Progressing to an ageing population, the number of bone disorders and conditions is an increasing problem affecting millions of people today, with osteoporosis being a key example. Bone grafting is one form of a bone regeneration treatment for patients suffering from bone fractures and injuries, congenital abnormalities as well as reconstruction of the bones. Bone regeneration relies on several factors such as defect and graft size, tissue viability, shape and volume and cost. Although, the current gold standard for bone regeneration is “Autograft” , its limitations such as donor site morbidity and pain as well as rejection and the cost in association with bone harvesting post a setback.
It is an alternative to regenerate bones from mesenchymal stem cells, which are able to regenerate multiple tissues throughout the body such as cartilage, bone and fat. This therapy would especially help those who have suffered bone defects due to traffic accidents, weapons or infections; and its application would avoid the use of synthetic grafts. "In orthopedics, for example, bone loss secondary to bone infections and other traumatic pathologies are common due to traffic accidents, gunshots, anti-personnel mine explosions or industrial accidents," says Fletscher. The proposal has already received the best scientific poster award at the American Congress of Orthopedics and Traumatology, held in Orlando, Florida, and promises to be a great short-term alternative in the treatment of bone
The present study aimed to analyze all relevant data from RCTs, to assess which regenerative techniques are most useful for preventing periodontal defects after the extraction of the third molars, and to compare these procedures with the socket’s spontaneous healing.
Bone Graft – Adds bone mass to areas that need reinforcement to support successful dental implants.
The basic concept for guided bone regeneration includes placing physical barriers to protecting the blood clot, maintaining the blood supply to the defect area, releasing growth factors, and isolating the bone defect to allow access for bone cells to cause bone regeneration.
According to Bucher, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Lewis & O’Brien (2007), “The main functions of bone are support, protection of internal organs, voluntary movement, blood cell production, and mineral storage.” Bones also provide the body with stability which prevents the body from collapsing and allows for weight bearing (Bucher, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Lewis & O’Brien, 2007). Bones are a major factor in the hematological system because red and white cell production occurs in the marrow of bones. Maintaining bone health consists of a balance of exercise, nutrition, lifestyle habits, proper body mechanics, immunizations, and stabilized hormones. As we get older, our bones get weaker and we loose more bone than it’s replaced. “Numerous factors such as loss of minerals, lack of exercise, and hormonal changes influence bone health as we age” (Patience, 2015, p. 78).
The first reason I have chosen to pursue a career in osteopathic medicine deals with having grown up around it all of my life. My father is an osteopathic physician and I have been familiar with osteopathic medicine since I was a young child. I have seen the difference a physician can make in the life of a patient. Whether it was from shadowing physicians in clinics or seeing the “backstage” life of a physician through my dad, medicine is a career I am comfortable with. Like most people, I know a career in medicine means getting to help people every day. However, I am also aware of the much less known aspects of medicine, like the long hours and stress. By growing up around medicine all of my life, not only have I seen the rewarding aspects
Bone loss is part of the aging process. However, too much bone loss makes them weak and brittle, resulting in multiple disabling bone fractures. Avoiding this condition should start while you're still healthy. Here are four suggestions for maintaining healthy bones:
A bone graft can be done by autograft when using the patient’s own harvested bone or allograft with cadaver bone from a bone bank. Then, there is material that is used for the replacement of bone with an osseous synthetic form when necessary to replace areas of damage to bones. Appropriate situations for this process include infection, trauma and/or cancer that has metastasized to bone and destroyed the bone area structure.