Bone Regeneration Research Paper

Michael Longaker’s interests lie at the intersection of wound/bone regeneration and stem cell biology. In the Peripheral Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Candidate Cells Responsible for Healing Critical-Sized Calvarial Bone Defects, the efficacy of peripheral blood (PB) for use in regenerative medicine is significant, with its retrieval viewed as relatively easy. Experiments such as bone regeneration were carried out with the use of PB stem cells. The paper finds that through a specific coculturing process mesenchymal cells can be derived from PB (CD34+) which happen to be choice candidates for quicker bone healing and re-calcification in bone defects (Li). The key discoveries here are the identification of easily retrievable source of stem cells, which help give rise, under a specific culturing protocol, to a specific group of non-hematopoietic cells. This is directly in line with Dr. Longaker’s research as he investigates the possible uses of regenerative medicine in skeletal regeneration. Here we are provided an example of how these CD45- cells can be utilized for treatment of bone defects as it facilitations bone formation and osteogenesis. What should be asked here is how viable is this form of treatment. There is a lot of discussion surrounding the necessary conditions to produce these BD-MSCs and how it is very condition dependent. It would have been preferable to know the amount of time and the amount of cells required to see efficient

The skeletal system has 6 main functions and makes up 18% of the overall weight of the human body. (Tortora and Derrickson, 2011)

Many people enjoy films that make a lot of money in the box office because they know that they are well written and well heard of. However, these are not the only type of movies out there. There are some well written movies with big name actors in them, that weren't even in the box office. One of those movies is a movie called Winter's Bone. Winter's Bone is a small film with a cast you probably don't know too much about besides for one person. That one person is Jennifer Lawrence. Many of you might know her as Mystique from the Newer X-men movie or better yet Katniss from the Hunger Game series. However, in the film Winter's Bone she plays a much more vital role as Ree Dolly. A role that I feel not many could

Natural bone tissue possesses a nanocomposite structure that provides appropriate physical and biological properties. For bone tissue regeneration, it is crucial for the biomaterial to mimic living bone tissue. Since no single type of material is able to mimic the composition, structure and properties of native bone, nanocomposites are the best choice for bone tissue regeneration as they can provide the appropriate matrix environment, integrate desirable biological properties, and provide controlled, sequential delivery of multiple growth factors for the different stages of bone tissue regeneration. Bioactive polymer/hydroxyapatite (nano) composites are currently being intensively investigated as materials for promotion of bone tissue regeneration

Abstract This article provides information on the applications of external fixation in leg lengthening. External Fixation is a surgical treatment that has been used for a long time to fix severe bone breaks. In more recent years it has been used to extend the limbs. This paper seeks to verify its effectiveness as a limb lengthener and to note some of its advantages over other methods and its general disadvantages.

Although two recent meta-analysis have been published on this topic(38,39), they did not assess the entire spectrum of regenerative periodontal therapy techniques. Furthermore, none of these reviews meta-analyzed the safety profile of such procedures and only one admitted comparisons between different types of interventions.(38) Thus, a new systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy and safety of all possible regenerative techniques may add further information.

Bones are dynamic tissues that undergo changes need to maintain bone and calcium homeostasis through a process called bone remodeling. Bone remodeling is an essential process that repairs damaged bone and maintains mineral homeostasis. This process is regulated by two main cells that perform opposite, but complementary function. Osteoblasts are the main bone forming cells that originate from mesenchymal stem cell lineage. Osteoblasts produce bone matrix which they later mineralized to form bone. During the process of bone formation, matured osteoblasts usually get trapped in the bone matrix and become osteocytes. Osteoclasts on the other hand, are the main bone resorbing cells; they resorb bone producing proteolytic enzyme and acid. In response

Different types of osteobiologic materials include: metal-based, ceramic-based and polymer-based bone graft substitutes either with or without various types of cells. Some of these materials may have various bioactive molecules such as growth factors embedded in them [47], [48-52] for example: BMP-2 [53-55], TGF-b [54], GDF-5 [56, 57] and VEGF [58] or a mixture [57], since these growth factors are among of the multiple factors expressed during bone regeneration [59-61]. Such materials have been investigated widely in literature[62], [63] to exhibit specific responses. Calcium phosphate showed osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties in the form of sintered ceramics [64-67], cements [68, 69], and coatings [70, 71]. Besides calcium phosphate

Femur bone is classified as the long bone of the thigh and it is the heaviest and largest bone in the body. Fracture due osteoporosis occurs at the part of trochanter of the femur bone. In addition, the fracture of the femur bone due to falling can lead someone to an inability to walk unassisted for a long period of time, loss of independence and long-term nursing care.

This procedure is known as a realignment osteotomy, and is usually only used once the growth plate has already fused. During surgery, the bone is cut to either shorten it, lengthen it, or change its alignment. Also during surgery, closing wedges, opening wedges, a dome, plates, screws, or smooth pins could be put it. One method using plates and screws is guiding the bone growth with a non-locking titanium plate that is held in place with screws. This procedure reduces growth on the opposite side. The implant can be removed if the opportunity arises (Gopakumar 67).

The basic concept for guided bone regeneration includes placing physical barriers to protecting the blood clot, maintaining the blood supply to the defect area, releasing growth factors, and isolating the bone defect to allow access for bone cells to cause bone regeneration.

It is an alternative to regenerate bones from mesenchymal stem cells, which are able to regenerate multiple tissues throughout the body such as cartilage, bone and fat. This therapy would especially help those who have suffered bone defects due to traffic accidents, weapons or infections; and its application would avoid the use of synthetic grafts. "In orthopedics, for example, bone loss secondary to bone infections and other traumatic pathologies are common due to traffic accidents, gunshots, anti-personnel mine explosions or industrial accidents," says Fletscher. The proposal has already received the best scientific poster award at the American Congress of Orthopedics and Traumatology, held in Orlando, Florida, and promises to be a great short-term alternative in the treatment of bone

A bone graft can be done by autograft when using the patient’s own harvested bone or allograft with cadaver bone from a bone bank. Then, there is material that is used for the replacement of bone with an osseous synthetic form when necessary to replace areas of damage to bones. Appropriate situations for this process include infection, trauma and/or cancer that has metastasized to bone and destroyed the bone area structure.

The first reason I have chosen to pursue a career in osteopathic medicine deals with having grown up around it all of my life. My father is an osteopathic physician and I have been familiar with osteopathic medicine since I was a young child. I have seen the difference a physician can make in the life of a patient. Whether it was from shadowing physicians in clinics or seeing the “backstage” life of a physician through my dad, medicine is a career I am comfortable with. Like most people, I know a career in medicine means getting to help people every day. However, I am also aware of the much less known aspects of medicine, like the long hours and stress. By growing up around medicine all of my life, not only have I seen the rewarding aspects

Bone Graft – Adds bone mass to areas that need reinforcement to support successful dental implants.