Bone Remodeling : A Form Of Tissue

Materials for this laboratory included Microsoft excel to compile data, a pen and paper to record data, a 15cm ruler, string, a caliper, and a two meter ruler. Since bones often times vary in width in certain portions of the same bone due to the presence of joints and processes the bone was measured at the midpoint along its length for its true width. Measurements

Yet this is not often, what researchers find when looking at various cultural funerary places. For instance, in the burial sites of the Mayan, Late Classical period at Xuenkal, and Yucata´ n in Mexico, their location was compromised due to the region's climate. In this area there are many sinkholes, the soil has high moisture content, and construction of homes added to the loss of integrity to the sites (Tiesler, et al., 2010:366). Researchers at this location had to decide which bodies belong to what burial (Tiesler, et al., 2010:368). In order to determine if initial findings were correct, lab analysis was conducted, to reexamine these remains (Tiesler, et al., 2010:369). After studying the sites, researchers determined that cranial

The lowest BMD values were found for the oldest group of females. Fractures among the population were found and results indicated that the majority of fractures that originated in the wrist, the neck or the hip were tightly related with osteoporosis. The relationship between BMD and an individual’s age seem to endorse the hypothesis. They also found that Neolithic females were found to have considerably higher BMD than those from the historical period. This suggests that Neolithic females had better bone maintenance than in the historical period. Thus, a change of BMD must have occurred in the period between the Neolithic and the early Middle

The authors state that one of the effects of nuclear bomb testing during the 1960s is the spike in atmospheric radiocarbon; this spike functions as a bone turnover label. The authors’ study approach involves the examination of collagen carbon-14 content and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios from mid-shaft

The beginning of the lab consisted of taking inventory of what bone were present in the case number that was being worked on. The Bones that were present in case number 002 were the right tibia, right radius, mandible, right scapula, left humerus, left femur, left Os coxae, the cranium, and two right molars. The first part of the lab was estimating sex from the remains. The method used was Buikstra which helped determined with sex using the Os coxae. While observing the Os coxae I noticed that the ilium looked a low and wide when put together with the femur in posterior position. The morphoscopic method was also used to give a rate from 1-5 of the bone to estimate sex. The ventral arc, subpubic concave and the preauricular sulcus was present

The television show BONES is a program that chronicles cases investigated by Dr. Brennan (portrayed by Emily Deschanel) and her team. Even though this program makes a significant effort to be accurate, it is apparent to those with knowledge of forensic anthropology that a few corners have been cut along the way. In the twelfth episode of season five, “The Proof in the Pudding,” Bones and her team are asked to find the cause of death of a “John Doe.” Approximately ten minutes into the episode Bones begins to age and sex the remains, in which time she states that the development of the costochondral junction is indicative of an individual 39 years of age or older, noted by the “late phase development in the costochondral junction.”

Determination of age and sex in a set of skeletal remains can be a difficult task based on many factors. The variation seen in one particular population of people can manifest in the skeletons of these people as there is more variation between people within a population than there is people of another population (Burns 2007). When considering this set of variables many methods need to be employed to understand the diversity of variation within a specific population as some factors can provide different results that drastically vary the age and sex determination (Ubelaker 1989). Many skeletal collections that databases have been created on do not incorporate all populations and therefore all variations cannot be properly accounted

     The first cases of osteogenesis imperfect date back to ancient times, with history of the condition becoming evident when an Egyptian infant mummified

The samples used in this study were obtained from the Poulton collection housed at Liverpool John Morres University. Due to the small size of the collection at present and the poor condition of some of the bones, a total number of 18 left sided femora were selected for use in the study. These femora were chosen on the basis of completeness and measurability. All the samples were obtained from adults skeletal remains and the number of male and females femora was 10 and 8 respectively.

The human skeleton can offer more information than meets the eye. In fact, when analysing an individual’s skeletal features it is possible to constitute a biological profile. In this essay, I aim to explore the multiple elements that a human skeleton could shed light upon such as age, sex, stature, diet, health and trauma.

2-Rho, JY (1993). "Young's modulus of trabecular and cortical bone material: ultrasonic and microtensile measurements". Journal of Biomechanics 26 (2): 111–119. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(93)90042-d.

Micro-CT has been commonly used in laboratories in the past 10 years, to evaluate the trabecular and cortical bone measurements (58).Bouxsein et al. (59) stated that micro-CT scans can be considered the gold standard for evaluating the trabecular bone structure (59). It gives a spatial representation of bone formation at region up to a few microns or even smaller. It also can estimate both qualitative and quantitative morphometry of bone integration around bone implant (60). Human cadaveric maxillary and mandibular trabecular bone with 3D morphometric data obtained from micro-CT were analyzed and correlated with bone density measurement in HU scale of bone classification (61). Although, this device offers a much better image resolution, it

In recent years, both anthropologists and archaeologists have become much aware of the potential importance of the inner workings of human remains than just the anatomical study. Thus, the specialty of bioarcheologists is to focus on nutritional inference, enamel hypoplasia, enthuses, dietary reconstruction, paledemography, demographic analysis, but most importantly, the effects of mechanical stress and indicators on human remains. Mechanical stress is converted to a series of biochemical reactions, and finally activates osteoclasts and osteoblasts to cause bone resorption and formation.

Remodeling help in maintaining the framework of the bone. It protects, guard and repair against the micro deterioration and also inhibit the building or piling up of old bones

Orfila and Topinard wrote several papers to demonstrate how to compute stature by its corresponding relationship to long bones. Rollet gave his medical thesis to the same subject and Manouvrier built up his own technique on the same subject. Manouvrier’s and Rollet’s tables for stature determination are yet being utilized by some forensic pathologists and anthropologists (Iscana and Quatrehomme, 1999).