Essay on Booker Jones

Meaning when a tax is placed on a certain item, whiskey, in this demand model the producer, the farmers, would pay most of the tax. At the time the federal government saw whiskey as a luxury and so placed the tax on the distillers, raising the price of production in return decreasing the amount produced. They saw they could pay off their debt, by taxing the whiskey, and the producers of whiskey would pay for the debt for them. Therefore, the National debt incurred during the Revolutionary war and, the supply and the demand of whiskey are related. It was shown that only the distillers who produced less would pay more because of the tradeoff of equity end efficiency, meaning that because of the debt from the war, the government needed a way to pay for the debt and taxed whiskey. Concluding that the supply and demand elasticities of whiskey are completely due to the taxation put on the whiskey to pay for the

Representing costs as a percentage of sales is not the best way to judge efficiency since it can ignore variables such as bottle deposits and discounted rates, which would show problems in production when in fact there are not any. Therefore, JJ’s statement on production remains truthful when he said that CBI has been operating as efficiently, if not more, in the past. Here’s an example:

- The impact on profit in 1966(before taxes) is the Contribution Margin of selling 30 tons.

and got a job as a waiter. Soon after this period of time he got a

2. What is the effect of the depreciation accounting method change on the reported income in 1984? How will this change affect profits in future years?

Solution – QUESTION 2 (written by Asher Curtis) - 10 Marks Suggestions only: 1. (3 marks for identifying the three dimensions) Applications of cost and equity differ on three dimensions. First, the treatment of dividends, is written against the investment account (Equity) or recognised as revenue (Cost). Second, the treatment of profits reported by the associated entity and the ammortisation of goodwill (the difference in the cost paid and the fair value of the net assets acquired) are not recognised when applying the cost method. The only case where net profit is not affected by choice of the method is where there is no goodwill (cost = fair value of net assets acquired) and the firm pays out all of its profit as dividends. Any of the following alternatives provide examples (2 marks for any of the following): a. The case for a profitable company that pays less than 100% profits out as dividends: The net value of the investment increases under the equity method, which will be more than cost unless the investment is revalued. b. The case for a loss company that pays no dividends: Unless the investment is subject to a recoverable amount test, application of the equity method

Second, the manufacturing order costs for non-stocked items was calculated by dividing total manufacturing order costs for non-stocked items by the number of orders for non-stocked products. Non-stocked products have additional costs associated with processing orders that went above and beyond the costs associated with a stocked product. The third step involved determining what the S"A allocation factor would be for calculating the S"A volume related costs. This allocation factor would then be applied to manufacturing COGS. The fourth and final step involved the calculation of the operating profit based on backing out volume related costs from sales revenues followed by deducting S"A and manufacturing order costs from the resulting gross margin to arrive at a operating profit.

-Martin Industries just paid an annual dividend of $1.30 a share. The market price of the stock is $36.80 and the growth rate is 6.0 percent. What is the firm's cost of equity?

Shareholder’s equity would be lower than that shown in 1982 ($318,000) because the company has to pay off interest and principal for many loans. There will be little money left for shareholder’s equity.

Reinvestment Returns: I found "b" (the reinvestment rate) by using exhibit 1 to calculate the percentage of net income per share of common stock that is paid out in dividends, and subtracting it from 1 to solve for the percentage reinvested. The return on equity, "k", is found by dividing net income (exhibit 1) by book value (exhibit 2). G = b*k shows g = 8.14%.

know what it is exactly, in order to assess the extent to which the accounting profit reflects

a. What risk-free rate and risk premium did you use to calculate the cost of equity?

One significant risk impacting the bourbon supply chain is a shortage of barrels. There is a federal law requiring that for a whiskey to be called bourbon it must age for two full years in a “new” oak barrel. One would think that this law would cause an issue in that the supply of lumber to create the barrels was not sufficient. That, however, is not the case. The actual issue at hand is that there is a shortage of loggers. While the bourbon industry is urging at the moment and it does create significant revenue for the lumber industry, that alone is not sufficient to keep logging companies in business. Thus, a lack of loggers has resulted in a reduction in the amount of “new” oak barrels available for aging bourbon (Lariviere, 2015)..

By using option 1 TDS will sell 116,666.67 units more in 2003 considering is they don’t make any changes, they are only expected to reach 400,000 bottles in sales, as a result they will break even in option 2 and make a loss of (54,545.45 units) for option 3.

According to the association, 529,000 barrels of bourbon began the aging process in Kentucky in 1996.” Most of the main bourbon distillers get all of their supplies from the state of Kentucky, which makes for more concentration in the industry, and a lower potential for sustainable profits in the industry. With the shrinking economy, prices of grains are increasing and distilleries are forced to pay higher prices for their goods, which in turn causes the price of bourbon to increase.