Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

What is Borderline Personality Disorder? Defined by the website www.borderlinepersonalitydisorder.com, “Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious mental illness that causes unstable moods, behavior, and relationships. It usually begins during adolescence or early adulthood.” One may wonder what can be the cause of this disorder. BPD can be detected by an in-person interview about the symptoms that are occurring. The input from family and close friends of the individual that is being treated can also help detect the symptoms. The causes for BPD are not fully

Borderline personality disorder "is defined in the DSM IV, a manual used by psychiatrists to diagnose all mental disorders, as an AXIS II disorder which has symptoms of impulsively and emotional dysregulation" (Livesley 146). A person with BPD have feelings of abandonment and emptiness, and have "frantic efforts to avoid abandonment, going to extremes to keep someone from leaving" (Burger 300). He or she is emotionally unstable and forms intense but unstable interpersonal relationships. They show impulsive behavior, such as spending money, sex, eating and substance abuse. Borderlines engage in self-manipulating behaviors and recurrent suicide attempts and thoughts.

Borderline personality disorder was used to diagnose clients who didn’t fit into commonly diagnosed disorders. “The term ‘borderline’

A personality disorder is characterized by a distinct pattern of behavior that does not meet normal standards of behavior within one’s culture. This pattern is ingrained as the norm to the person affected, and the characteristics of the affected person deviate markedly from societal standards (Hebblethwaite, 2009). The two main features that help to identify a personality disorder are chronic interpersonal difficulties and persons with one’s identity or sense of self (Livesly, 2001). Within this set of mental health disorders lie several other subsets, including one of the most prominent personality disorders - Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). BPD is a severe, long-lasting disorder that has an incidence of occurrence approximately equal to that of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia combined (Grant, Chou, Goldstein et al., 2008). BPD also puts those affected at risk for damage in many areas of their life if not properly diagnosed and treated, including personal relationships, school, work, and self-imagine. Furthermore, this disorder has a high co-morbidity with other disorders such as depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, and social phobia, among many more (Hebblethwaite, 2009). Misdiagnosis of borderline personality disorder can have serious clinical implications. This paper looks to identify the risk factors associated with BPD, the affects on various aspects of the person’s life, treatments, and give recommendations as to how to properly identify and

Both of these disorders share the ongoing need for diligence, emotional instability, and doubtful behavior. Narcissistic individuals have a higher sense of grandness than a person with BPD. A person with BPD shows self-destructive behaviors and doesn’t care about themselves unlike a person with NPD (Ambardar, 2016b).

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by difficulties in regulating emotion. This difficulty leads to severe, unstable mood swings, impulsivity and instability, poor self-image, and troubled personal relationships. When Adolf Stern first coined the term "border line" in 1938, he used it to describe outpatients that did not fall into the standard classification system used in the psychiatric profession. Patients with this disorder had what he determined as, “associative thinking, disturbances of reality testing, pervasive anger, and shallowness of effect.” Borderline patients were also describes as having a less severe form schizophrenia. In 1942, psychologist Helene Deutsch described a group of patients lacking a consistent sense of identity without a source of inner direction. She created the term “As-If Personalities,” as the patients completely identified with those people upon whom they were dependent. Melitta Schmideberg first described Borderline Personality Disorder in 1959 as a disorder of character. These afflicted individuals experience intense emotional dysregulation, fear of abandonment, and hopelessness within interpersonal relationships. Fortunately, there is much research available about this particular personality disorder and help is available through both psychotherapy and medicinal therapies. This paper will discuss the diagnosis and its symptoms as well as efficacious and evidence-based treatment. It will also discuss the Biblical

“Personality disorders have been documented in approximately 9 percent of the general U.S. population” (Angstman, Rasmussen, 2011). Emotional dysregulation disorder or its common name borderline personality disorder is a very serious and chronic disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) describes borderline personality disorder as “a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity that begins by early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts” (Gardner, 2006). Within the last 20 years, psychologists and other mental health professionals have made tremendous strides in research on what exactly borderline personality disorder, some of its triggers and possible effective treatment options. Borderline personality disorder is defined as a disorder that generates severe emotional instability which can be a springboard that can lead to other stress induced mental and behavioral problems.

Before Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) was clearly defined, it was called a “wastebasket” disorder. This meant a patient could be diagnosed with it if they didn’t fit clearly within another certain diagnosis. BPD was often confused with schizophrenia, non-schizophrenic psychoses, and anxiety and depressive disorders. This disorder was commonly said to respond poorly, if not at all, to treatment. Today mental health professionals have proved this remark false. Unfortunately though, BPD is still held under this stigma and is frequently thought to be “untreatable.” According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, BPD is a personality disorder, or Axis

Borderline Personality is a disorder that affects a significantly large percentage of the population with a prevalence rate of up to 5.9%. (DSM, 2000) Out of that percentage about 75% of patients diagnosed with BPD are female. It is an illness that is both misunderstood and given quite a bad stigma. It is difficult to live with and those that have it struggle to maintain personal and business relationships. Even with the high demand for treatment it is a disorder that is hard to treat however when treated can be highly affective. (NIMH) This paper goes into detail on the history, diagnosing, treatment, and effects of Borderline Personality Disorder so that the disorder may better be understood.

“What does borderline personality mean, anyhow? It appears to be a way station between neurosis and psychosis: a fractured but not disassembled psyche. Though to quote my post-Melvin psychiatrist: "It 's what they call people whose lifestyles bother them,” (Kaysen, 2014). Borderline personality disorder is a very serious mental health disorder and it has been around for many years. It is, like the quote says above, people whose lifestyles bother them. They don’t have a lot of control over a lot of the emotions that they experience and it can be very harmful to the person.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex and serious mental disorder involving the inability to manage emotions effectively and exhibiting maladaptive behaviors characterized by unstable moods and relationships (NIMH, 2013). Individuals with BPD are very sensitive to environmental circumstances and the perception of rejection and separation (DSM-5, 2013). These individuals may exhibit excessive fears of abandonment and inappropriate anger when facing separation or when changes occur in a relationship. A main character of BPD is emotional and behavioral dysregulation. These traits can include angry outburst, hostility, aggression, and uncontrollable impulsiveness. These individuals may fail to reflect carefully on their behaviors, which can lead to self-destructiveness and risk taking behaviors. For the individual with BPD, these behaviors are difficult to control and can be harmful (NIMH, 2013). The Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-5 defines BPD as “a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts”.

Though many mental disorders are household names, such as depression or bipolar disorder, many are not nearly as widespread or recognized by today’s society. One of the these lesser-known disorders is Borderline Personality Disorder. Called BPD for short, this disorder is characterized by emotional and functional instability. Mood swings and problems maintaining social and familial relationships are quite common. The intent of this write up is to use three different works about BPD to gain a better understanding of how BPD is represented in different types of media, with emphasis on content, style, and structure.

Since its discovery in the 1930’s, psychologists around the world have been trying to decipher the Borderline’s enigmatic condition. The term “Borderline,” coined by Adolph Stern in 1938 (Optimum Performance Institute), refers to the behavior exhibited by these patients who are on the borderline between neurosis and psychosis. The oscillating nature and unknown concrete cause of this disorder makes it difficult to treat. Due to this, Borderline Personality Disorder, or BPD, has become one of the most controversial disorders to work with in the psychiatric community. Often time Borderline patients are avoided entirely, or written off as hopeless due to their repetitive tendencies and inability to learn from their mistakes (Kreisman, 5).

Borderline Personality Disorder is named borderline personality disorder because at one point in history they considered this disorder to be on the “borderline” between neurosis and psychosis. Borderline personality disorder is a severe mental disorder that impacts an individual’s behavior, relationships, and mood. The disorder usually begins during adolescence or young adulthood. People with BPD have a tendency of rapid change in attitude or feelings toward others because they cannot regulate them well. Individuals with BPD may find it difficult in to hold on to a relationship due to the quick anger and negative feelings. People with BPD often fall into impulsive and potential self-harming incidents. These events could include partaking in substance abuse, gambling, reckless speeding and driving, and undiscerning sexual activity. Any acts of this kind could damage an individual’s potential future of help and a life at all. People with BPD have challenges in staying faithful to what they believe in regarding their values. This may also affect education and career choices. Individuals with BPD may lack the understanding of their sense of self and obtaining a positive self-esteem. With that being said, BPD has the potential impact on someone to participate in self-harming actions. Self-harm could include various behaviors like cutting, burning, or punching. These behaviors consist of harming themselves, but disregard the intentions of killing themselves. According to the

Throughout the film “Silver Linings Playbook” Tiffany acts as a foil for Pat. Tiffany has been on many different medications and seen many counselors since the death of her husband. The audience is never told exactly what Tiffany has been diagnosed with. It is probable, based on the information given about Tiffany that she has Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (Diagnostics and Statistics Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5.,2013, p.663), Borderline Personality Disorder is “A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts”. To be diagnosed with BPD you must meet five out of nine criterion. The nine criterion or symptoms