Borderline Personality Disorder ( Bpd )

What is Borderline Personality Disorder? Defined by the website www.borderlinepersonalitydisorder.com, “Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious mental illness that causes unstable moods, behavior, and relationships. It usually begins during adolescence or early adulthood.” One may wonder what can be the cause of this disorder. BPD can be detected by an in-person interview about the symptoms that are occurring. The input from family and close friends of the individual that is being treated can also help detect the symptoms. The causes for BPD are not fully

Borderline personality disorder is defined in its most simplest sense as being a mental health disorder that generates significant emotional instability. [1] In sufferers it generates a wide range of symptoms typically characterised into three groups; Problems regulating emotions and thoughts; impulsive behaviour without thinking of the consequences of actions; and lastly unstable relationships. Evaluating the most effective treatment(s) for BPD remains a target for mental health services as the disorder is associated with self harm and suicide attempts, with suicide attempts recorded in 69-80% of patients. [2]

A personality disorder is characterized by a distinct pattern of behavior that does not meet normal standards of behavior within one’s culture. This pattern is ingrained as the norm to the person affected, and the characteristics of the affected person deviate markedly from societal standards (Hebblethwaite, 2009). The two main features that help to identify a personality disorder are chronic interpersonal difficulties and persons with one’s identity or sense of self (Livesly, 2001). Within this set of mental health disorders lie several other subsets, including one of the most prominent personality disorders - Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). BPD is a severe, long-lasting disorder that has an incidence of occurrence approximately equal to that of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia combined (Grant, Chou, Goldstein et al., 2008). BPD also puts those affected at risk for damage in many areas of their life if not properly diagnosed and treated, including personal relationships, school, work, and self-imagine. Furthermore, this disorder has a high co-morbidity with other disorders such as depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, and social phobia, among many more (Hebblethwaite, 2009). Misdiagnosis of borderline personality disorder can have serious clinical implications. This paper looks to identify the risk factors associated with BPD, the affects on various aspects of the person’s life, treatments, and give recommendations as to how to properly identify and

In order to be diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), a patient must show “impairments in personality (self and interpersonal) functioning and the presence of pathological personality traits”, all of which are listed in the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (2013). According to the DSM V, a patient must have an identity disorder which includes having “unstable self-image, often associated with excessive self-criticism” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). A patient must also demonstrate impairments in empathy, which involves a “compromised ability to recognize the feelings and needs of others associated with interpersonal hypersensitivity” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). This criterion does not mean

“The essential feature of borderline personality disorder is a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity that begins by early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts” (APA, 2013; p. 663). The DSM-5 further elucidates this definition with nine criteria, five or more of which must be present for an individual to receive a diagnosis of BPD. These nine criteria can effectively be grouped into symptoms relating to affect, impulsivity, suicidality, interpersonal relationships, and cognition (Cartwright,

(Linehan et. al, 1999; Koons et. al, 2001; & Linehan, Dimeff, Reynolds, Comtois, Welch, Heagerty, et al, 2002). Koons et. al(2001), looked at a sample of twenty women veterans who met the criteria for borderline personality disorder. Half of the women received DBT while the other half received treatment as usual (TAU). According to Koons et. al(2001), "Of the 11 variables patients in DBT changed significantly more than did the patients in TAU on 4 variables(suicidal ideation, hopelessness, Beck depression, and anger out). On 4 others only patients in DBT condition changed significantly..(number of parasuicides, number of hospitalizations, anger in, and dissociation"(p.384). In other words those in DBT showed significant more positive change in 8 of the 11 variables than those patients in TAU. Linehan et. al(1999) did a randomized sample of people diagnosed with BPD and SUD. Half of the sample received DBT while the other half received DBT. 64% of those receiving DBT stayed in treatment while only 27% of patients in TAU stayed. Those in DBT also had significant loss in drug abuse than those who received TAU. Those in DBT compared to those in TAU also had greater increases in social adjustment. Linehan et. al, (2002) did a study on a randomized sample of people diagnosed with BPD and SUD who either

Abstract: This paper will discuss the causes and psychological impact of borderline personality disorder. It will also talk about how to treat those impacted by borderline personality disorder.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by difficulties in regulating emotion. This difficulty leads to severe, unstable mood swings, impulsivity and instability, poor self-image, and troubled personal relationships. When Adolf Stern first coined the term "border line" in 1938, he used it to describe outpatients that did not fall into the standard classification system used in the psychiatric profession. Patients with this disorder had what he determined as, “associative thinking, disturbances of reality testing, pervasive anger, and shallowness of effect.” Borderline patients were also describes as having a less severe form schizophrenia. In 1942, psychologist Helene Deutsch described a group of patients lacking a consistent sense of identity without a source of inner direction. She created the term “As-If Personalities,” as the patients completely identified with those people upon whom they were dependent. Melitta Schmideberg first described Borderline Personality Disorder in 1959 as a disorder of character. These afflicted individuals experience intense emotional dysregulation, fear of abandonment, and hopelessness within interpersonal relationships. Fortunately, there is much research available about this particular personality disorder and help is available through both psychotherapy and medicinal therapies. This paper will discuss the diagnosis and its symptoms as well as efficacious and evidence-based treatment. It will also discuss the Biblical

“Personality disorders have been documented in approximately 9 percent of the general U.S. population” (Angstman, Rasmussen, 2011). Emotional dysregulation disorder or its common name borderline personality disorder is a very serious and chronic disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) describes borderline personality disorder as “a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity that begins by early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts” (Gardner, 2006). Within the last 20 years, psychologists and other mental health professionals have made tremendous strides in research on what exactly borderline personality disorder, some of its triggers and possible effective treatment options. Borderline personality disorder is defined as a disorder that generates severe emotional instability which can be a springboard that can lead to other stress induced mental and behavioral problems.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious and complex mental disorder involving maladaptive behaviors and multiple symptoms. This disorder often occurs in the context of relationships and can have a chaotic effect not only on the individual with BPD but also on their loved ones. According to the NIMH, “borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious mental illness characterized by unstable moods, behavior, and relationship”.9 A primary character of BPD is behavioral and emotional dysregulation. These behaviors are difficult

The diagnostic process for personality disorders currently covers a broad scope of various tests and symptoms, causing a source of frustration for psychiatrists (Aldhous). The symptoms and side effects of several personality disorders can tend to blur together, making diagnosis challenging (Aldhous). Most psychiatric patients are diagnosed with several personality disorders at once, with twenty percent of people with personality disorders simply diagnosed with a “personality disorder not otherwise specified” (Aldhous). Using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders, commonly referred to as the DSM, psychiatrists attempt with great difficulty to categorize their patients into a specific disorder, only to diagnose

Assessment of the patient with borderline personality disorder is inclusive of the patient's: (1) physical; (2) emotional; (3) cognitive; (4) social; and (5) spiritual characteristics. These are assessed based on the patient's: (1) subjective reports; (2) interview records; and (3) behavioral

After reviewing the mental status examination results and reviewing the client clinical, psychological and personal history. The client demonstrated five to six out of nine possible factors that are associated with Borderline Personality Disorder. Clearly, the client has additional symptoms that may not be view within the Borderline Personality Disorder characteristics but play a role on the behaviors that are associated with the disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder – 5th Ed (2013), describes Borderline Personality Disorder as, a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal, self-image, and affects and marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of context as indicated by five or more characteristics.

According to the DSM-5, Personality Disorders are characterized by “impairments in personality functioning and the presence of pathological personality traits”. Borderline Personality Disorder is one of ten personality disorders listed in the DSM-5. The DSM-5 lists several criteria that must be met in order for someone to be diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder. They are quoted as follows:

The history of BPD can be traced back to 1938 when Adolph Stern first described the symptoms of the disorder as neither being psychotic nor psychoneurotic; hence, the term ‘borderline’ was introduced (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2009, p. 15). Then in 1960, Otto Kernberg coined the term ‘borderline personality organization’ to describe persistent patterns of behavior and functioning consisting of instability, and distressed psychological self-organization (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2009, p. 15).