Essay on Botulinum Toxin and Botx Injections for Cosmetic Purposes

Botulism is a rare but very serious paralytic illness that is caused by botulinum toxin(potentially deadly neurotoxin) which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The botulinum toxin can enter the body in 3 main ways: by the ingestion of the toxin from eating foods that contain the botulism toxin (food borne botulism), by the contamination of a wound by the bacterium in which the toxin is produced (wound botulism) and Infant botulism which is caused by consuming the spores of the botulinum bacteria, which then grow in the intestines and release the toxin. The powerful exotoxin (botulinum toxin) leads to secretory diarrhea. All forms of botulism can be fatal and are therefore considered to be

Life Cycle C. botulinum is first either ingested by contaminated food by contaminated soils or marine sediments throughout the world. It enters the body from open wounds or ingested. Then C. botulinum within 18 to 36 hours after exposure the person will start to feel the effects of the toxins released from the spores. Those toxins are carried to nerve endings. Then flaccid paralysis of motor and autonomic nerves. The bacteria itself is harmless it is the toxin produced with the spores that effect the body adversely.

Ingestion of the endospore causes infection. Once it reaches the preferred anaerobic environment of the gut, the endospores germinate and begin releasing toxins A and B (Burns & Minton 2011). The presence of C. difficile does not necessarily mean infection. A patient can be positive for C. difficile but have normal stool, which means there is colonization without infection. Patients who have the C. difficile pathogen without experiencing any symptoms allow it to be passed along undetected which contributes to the ongoing spread to others. Only when toxin A and toxin B are released at suitable levels does C. difficile become pathogenic to humans. Once infected, typical symptoms include watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, colitis, fever, and fecal leukocytes. Moderate to severe Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) consist of profuse diarrhea, abdominal distention, leukocytosis, systemic inflammatory response, pseudomembranous colitis, megacolon and death (Sunenshine & McDonald, 2006). With the combination of a highly resilient endospores, and asymptomatic carriers, this allows C. difficile to persist in the environment and spread to patients with compromised immune systems, or older patients who have a high risk of contracting CDI with a higher severity than healthy adults (Laffan, Bellantoni, Greenough, Zenilman, 2006).

Are you thinking of getting botox Frisco TX? If so, you’re one of the many who look to the injections to improve their appearances, and help with certain medical issues. If you’ve never received Botox treatments before, you may not know all there is to know about what it can do, and what to expect.

When Shiga toxins reach the blood vessels a chemical chain reaction occurs and begins to form small blood clots. Some of the high risc organs are the kidneys, pancreas, and even the brain. The toxin can also shut down protein makers which will cause cell injury or death. The toxin will also damage red blood cells and even kill them off. There are even scientific studies that link E.Coli to long term emotional disturbances.

Clostridium botulinum is a type of bacterium that is one of the main reasons for causing the deadly illness botulism. To

There are many things that happen internally and externally in our bodies every day. Exocytosis and neuromuscular junction help us understand how Botox works. Exocytosis is the process where secretory proteins are transported out of the cell (Alberts, et al., 2014). In addition to this, neurotransmitters are released. Neuromuscular Junction is a synapse that is formed between a muscle fiber and motor neuron which causes the muscle to contract (Alberts, et al., 2014). Botox is a drug made from a neurotoxin. An example of this would be Botulinum neurotoxin type A. Overall, the process of exocytosis, the neuromuscular junctions, and Botox can help with muscular conditions.

The first case of foodborne botulism was in Ellezellesin, Belgium in December 14, 1895. Thirty-four musicians had a meal at a local inn and all consumed a ham that had been infected by Clostridium Botulinum. Following the meal, all the musicians experienced visual disturbances, generalized weakness, shortness of breath, and difficulty speaking (Maki). Three of the musicians died over seven days and the organs of the musicians who died were given to Emile-Pierre-Marie Van Ermengem, a professor of microbiology and a physician at Ghent (Maki). He conducted a clinical, toxicological, and bacteriologic investigation on the bacteria (Maki). He found that the pig had been slaughtered four months before being served to the musicians and was cut into two separate hams. The ham served at the inn, the one the musicians got sick from, had no signs of microscopic decay but bacteria was found(Maki). The second ham, which the musicians didn’t eat, did not

Clostridium difficile a gram positive bacteria that is part of human (adult) gut microbiota and that could act as an opportunistic pathogen under certain circumstances such as, some antibiotic therapy and changes in the “normal” gut microbiota. Through this events an opportunistic behavior is activated leading to an infection and its characteristic pathology pseudomembranous colitis, other symptom that is present in some cases of clostridial infection and it hasn't been well documented is neuro degeneration due to C. difficile neurotoxins production. The effects of this toxins in the nervous system and in the development of the pathology is not well characterized. In order to understand not only the development of the pathology but also the role and

In the past few years cosmetic surgeries popularity has increased, with wanting to look a certain way, the way that the media perceives body image for women, usually they use Botox, aesthetic surgery, and a reconstructive surgery; to fix facial features and body parts after a horrible accident. However the controversy begins is, how it can be harmful to every ones body and minds. Most people do not realize the damaging side effects with what is being injected into their bodies.

Botulism, Clostridium Botulinum, is a rod shaped anaerobic organism. This organism has peritrichous flagella, which means that it has flagella covering the entire surface. This is usually a rare but could turn into the worst case scenario like paralytic illness which is caused by a nerve toxin. The toxins are endospores that can be ingested by consuming contaminated food or water. Individuals can also breath in the toxin will have similar symptoms to those who ingest it.

Clostridium botulinum is part of the family Clostridiaceae and more specifically, the genus Clostridium. They are rod-shaped, anaerobic bacterium. Because it’s in the Clostridium genus, it is a gram-positive bacterium. This means in addition to a plasma membrane, there is a thick layer of peptidoglycan. Also, the transportation is a direct secretion across the membrane instead of needing additional machinery to cross it like gram-negative does. This bacterium is a spore forming bacteria. These spores can contaminate foods such as fruits, vegetables, and honey. These spores are resistant to high temperature, above 100°C, chemical disinfectants and UV or gamma irradiation. This makes it difficult to eradicate the spores once formed. The bacterium itself can also be present

Tetanus is an infection of the nervous system caused by the neurotoxin tetanospasmin (TeNT) produced by the bacteria Clostridium tetani. This bacteria is naturally found in soil, dust, and manure. In the United States, tetanus infects 40-60 people per year, with one-third ending with fatalities. Tetanus toxin causes spastic paralysis in the jaw, neck, and abdomen causing difficulty of speech, swallowing, breathing, and may cause severe muscle spasms and seizures. Tetanus toxin has the potent DTaP vaccine, but the vaccine degrades over time causing re-susceptibility to the disease if not boosted every 9-10 years. The structural organization of tetanospasmin is the same as botulinum toxin (BoNT). Botulinum toxin is produced by the bacteria Clostridium

The Clostridium botulinum bacteria that enters the body stops nerve endings from comunicating with muscles. One of the symptoms of botulism is weakness. So with the nerve damage that Kelly's body was reseving it could have been bad enough that the signals could not reach the diaphragm. The nerve ending send the signals that tell your diaphram to move to help you breath. If those signals are stopped from making contact with the diaphram it just stops working.

This document will answer many questions about Botulism Toxin. Some of the questions addressed will include; What exactly is botulism? What is the germ Clostridium botulinum? How frequent does botulism occur? What are the symptoms of botulism? How do we diagnose botulism? How do we treat botulism? What are complications from botulism? How does one prevent botulism? What are public health agencies doing to prevent and control botulism? I will also discuss other uses of Botulinum Toxin in the medical field as well as in the cosmetic field.