Bound Feet Case Study

I was just two weeks into my internal medicine rotation at Suez Canal University in Egypt, when I encountered a case that I still remember to this day. Ms. Rafat was an elderly diabetic patient that came into our clinic complaining of a persistent wound on the sole of her foot. Upon removing her boots, her complaint turned out to be a foot ulcer with an infection extending to the first and second metatarsal bones .Unfortunately for her, we had to break the news to her and her family that her foot would need amputation. Ms. Rafat was understandably upset but took the news in stride. Following up on her case, I learned that after the surgery, the blood flow to her leg became increasingly poor and she had to return to have a below the knee amputation. Ms. Rafat ended up dying of pulmonary embolism as a complication of her second surgery. This case stayed with me not only because it

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Osteomyelitis, the infection of bone, would cause swelling in the foot, limiting the movement in her foot. It also

Foot binding is now considered a very extreme and cruel form of body modification. It is almost near impossible to find information on the subject without it being shed in a negative light. The important thing to remember, however, is that body modification in different cultures is usually viewed as a right of passage and honor, not a form of torture. To be able to have your body altered to the definition of beauty in China’s society was a great privilege, and surpassed any pain that went along with the modification.

The bacteria spread fast, leaving the leg unsalvageable. The question on all of our minds was why the patient had waited so long to seek treatment. Surely she was in a lot of pain, and that odor... why wait? The answer was purely financial. Money deterred her from seeking treatment which caused a

One obstacle I have faced, and will continue to face, revolves around my feet. When I was born, the doctor immediately informed my mother that I was happy and healthy, however, my feet happened to be upside down and backwards. In the next few weeks, my parents met with scores of doctors to learn about my condition, know as bilateral Clubfoot. The most notable of these doctors was Dr. Ignacio Ponseti, arguably the most learned doctor in the field of Clubfoot, who said to my mother: “my best advice would be to prepare him for a desk job”. Since my birth, I have had two sets of surgeries on my feet, have had casts on both legs for years, and was in a wheelchair for almost a year at the age of five. The innumerable challenges posed by my disorder

After that they kept the big toe and ball of the foot normal but tried to move the heel towards the front of the foot. During the process of tying the bandages onto the foot, the bones in the foot would break. To keep the girl from ripping off the bandages, they would sew the bandages as much as needed. Finally, small shoes were placed on her feet and she was forced to walk

Foot drop occurs due to one or a combination of the three categories: Muscle damage, Skeletal or anatomical abnormalities affecting the foot, and Nerve damage. Underlying medical problems that may cause drop foot include but are not limited to compartment syndrome, a lower back condition, a stroke or tumor, Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, adverse reactions to drugs or alcohol, or an injury to the foot or lower leg. The patient may be with or without any symptoms of foot pain or leg pain. If pain is present, they may have neurological symptoms such as tingling or burning, ranging from a slight tingling sensation to a complete lack of feeling in the

Management involves establishing that the neuropathy is caused by diabetes instead of other underlying causes and aiming for strict glycemic control. Many diabetics suffer amputations to limbs as a result of diabetic neuropathy. "The symptoms typically start in the toes, gradually ascending to the lower limbs. In advanced cases, it spreads to the upper limbs (glove-stocking sensation) and also the abdominal wall (Rajan , 2013)." Diabetics are prone to having diminished circulation in their limbs. Diabetes causes the blood vessels of the feet and legs to narrow and harden. Some of the causes of increasingly diminished blood flow can be controlled, such as smoking, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. " In addition to being a diabetic, the risk of developing and progression of diabetic neuropathy also depends on the duration of diabetes, glycemic control, presence of comorbidities like hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and smoking (Rajan, 2013). One of the consequences of poor circulation is a slowed or insufficient healing process. This problem requires diligent inspection of the feet especially. Poor circulation and thus poor healing often leads to wounds that are more prone to becoming infected. If a wound is not felt, it is often noticed only when it has already become seriously

the foot causes the foot to slide downwards forcing the toes into a cramped narrow area where the

Imagine someone’s toes must be bound except the big toe against the soles of their feet. It hurts just to think about it, doesn 't it? Traditions can make someone powerful by accomplishing them yet painful at the same time. Beauty traditions that girls go through bring pain. Family honor is also the reason why girls uphold such traditions. In the novel Ties that Bind, Ties that Break by Lensey Namioka, she explains how young Chinese girls are afflicted by pain by getting their feet bound. Being able to have bound feet are something those young girls have to bear. Also, “The journey by Inner Light”, by Meeta Kaur, she explain her journey to find her inner self both mentally and physically through her tradition. By following the

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What survey methods will you use to initially investigate the location? How will you determine your survey/sample locations?

The anatomy of the foot is very complex. There are twenty six bones in each foot. The bones in both feet equal one-quarter of the bones in the human body. There are thirty three joints and over one hundred muscles, tendons and ligaments in the foot as well. The longest bones of the foot are known as the metatarsals. There are five in each foot with the fifth being on the exterior of the foot and the first on the interior. On the end of each metatarsal there are phalanges, better known to most people as toes. The phalanges and metatarsals are the easiest to break or injure from weight bearing activities. According to the

The diabetic foot disease is the leading cause of non-traumatic lower-limb amputation and results from three common pathologies: diabetic peripheral neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, and infection. Late complications include foot ulceration, Charcot neuroarthropathy and amputation (Turns, 2013, p.422) though another specialist like, Iraj who wrote Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcer, added to the most common facts: deformities and minor