Boyce Lab Report

The mole is a convenient unit for analyzing chemical reactions. Avogadro’s number is equal to the mole. The mass of a mole of any compound or element is the mass in grams that corresponds to the molecular formula, also known as the atomic mass. In this experiment, you will observe the reaction of iron nails with a solution of copper (II) chloride and determine the number of moles involved in the reaction. You will determine the number of moles of copper produced in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the number of moles of iron used up in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and determine the number of atoms and formula units involved in

My unknown organism #6 is Morganella morganii, which is a gram-negative bacillus rods commonly found in the environment and also in the intestinal tracts of humans, mammals, and reptiles as a normal flora. (3, 5) This bacterium Morganella morganii, was first discovered in the 1906 by a British bacteriologist named H. de R. Morgan. (2) Despite its wide distribution, it is an uncommon cause of community-acquired infection and is most often encountered inpostoperative and other nosocomial settings. (2, 3) Morganella morganii infections respond well to appropriate antibiotic therapy; however, its

Ionic compounds are soluble in water to a certain point depending on the compound. The level of solubility changes among different compounds. Some ionic compounds can completely dissolve in water and appear to be a homogeneous mixture. Although, some ionic compounds dissolve very little, and could be considered insoluble, since it does not dissolve fully. Depending on the compound, the level of solubility can be high or low. However, ionic compounds could dissolve to a certain degree. If the solution appears to be a heterogeneous mixture, many may assume through visual representation that it may be insoluble. As stated previously, the smallest amount of solubility should be considered. To confirm whether or not the substance is soluble, observe the efficiency when conducting electricity. Due to practical reasons, the slightest solubility could be considered insoluble by people.

Unknown 12 was proved to be Proteus vulgaris. This organism was a gram-negative rod growing in single. This organism, which grew on a TSA plate, was catalase positive. A drop of H2O2 was added on to the colony and it began to bubble. Therefore, the catalase enzyme was present and broke down the peroxides in to non-toxic forms H2O and O2.

Different GRK subtypes combined with the action of -arrestins can contribute the endocytosis of Group I mGluRs in an agonist-dependent manner; however, the results are inconsistent (reviewed in Refs: Iacovelli 2013, Kim 2008). Both GRK2 and GRK4 induce the agonist-induced internalization of mGluR1a, which appears to require GRK2-mediated phosphorylation of the S869-V893 region of mGluR1a when expressed in HEK cells (Iacovelli 2003, Sallese 2000, Mundell 2003). These agonist-induced internalization processes are -arrestin 1/2 and dynamin-dependent (Mundell 2001, 2002, 2003). -arrestin 1 appears to be important in mGluR1 endocytosis; however, the agonist-stimulated internalization of mGluR1a is observed only when -arrestin 1 is co-expressed with either GRK2 or GRK5 in HEK cells. GRK2, GRK5, -arrestin 1, or -arrestin2 individually has no significant effect on the internalization of mGluR1a (Dale 2001). -arrestin 1, but not -arrestin 2, selectively interacts with mGluR1a and is redistributed to the same

These data suggest that E can impair EAAC1 protein expression and its surface presentation reflecting reduced Cys transport by this system.

Research design: I previously identified nine O-GlcNAc sites on Sec24C. This was accomplished by expressing myc-6xHis tagged Sec24C in human embryonic kidney 293T cells treated with Thiamet-G, an OGA inhibitor, and glucosamine to increase O-GlcNAc occupancy. After isolating Sec24C through myc immunoprecipitation and Ni-NTA purification, the sample was submitted to the Duke proteomics and metabolomics facility. Using this same technique, I will identify O-GlcNAcylation sites on the closely related Sec24D.

Sample preparation: purified protein and cell lysate have been already and denatured in Laemmli sample buffer and are in His-tagged DHFR, GST-tagged DHFR, Myc-Flag-tagged DHFR aliquots. Control lysate is provided by TA. Wear goggles before to hreat samples for 2 minutes at 95˚C. Centrifuge samples and load gel at room temperature. Obtain an aliquot of the each of the following: 1X Laemmli buffer and Kaleidoscope prestained protein standard (Bio-Rad

Cytotoxin associated gene A contains a stored pattern at the C- terminus known as the conserved repeat responsible for phosphorylation independent activity (CRPIA) [34]. This motif interacts with β-catenin-E-cadherin complex [35-37], hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET)[38, 39], phospholipase C gamma (PLC-γ)[40], and partitioning-defective 1b/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 2 (PAR1b/MARK2) [41-43] [44, 45] It has also been associated with JAK/STAT3 [31]. These interactions lead to cellular responses that promote inflammation, uncontrolled replication, disruption of neighboring cells communication, loss of cell function, loss of cell shape and loss of cell structure [34]. Unphospoporylated Cytotoxin associated gene A also affects zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) which are proteins essential for epithelial tight junction by dislocating it from its cellular location [46] [47]. It also interrupts the junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A), producing dysfunctional construction of cell junctions [48].A variety of studies suggest that Cytotoxin associated gene A interact with PAR1b/MARK2, a crucial regulator of cell function and structure. Cytotoxin associated gene A disrupts its activity by affecting the alignment of microtubule arrangement, in this way causing a loss of cell polarity [49] [22] [47]. PAR1b binds to the CM or CagA multimerization of CagA that is involve in the CagA dimerization [50]

Recombinant toxins possess domains that bind to a specific receptor on the target cell, translocate the enzymatic moiety to the cytosolic site of action and catalytically induce a lethal alteration. They can be used as constituents of immunotoxins or other targeted (cell-specific) chimeric molecules. Furthermore, they can be used as vehicles to bring proteins and peptides into cells with the possibility of creating immune responses to virus or cancer cell. In addition to its involvement in clinical disease, Shiga toxin has become powerful tool for the investigation of cellular processes, notably in the context of intracellular trafficking. These include, defining signal transduction pathways (Ghislain,

On the surfaces of many eukaryotic cells, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR’s) are present. These receptors are seven trans membrane-spanning, with their N terminal on the exoplasmic face of the plasma membrane and their C terminal on the cytosolic [1]. GPCR’s play a role in intracellular signalling pathways that result in crucial physiological processes. Cell signalling is an important process required for cellular activity, coordination and the normal growth and development of cells. GPCR’s transduce extracellular signals allowing them to respond to the extracellular environment [2]. All GPCR’s are coupled to a G protein which is heterotrimeric, meaning it contains three different G protein subunits: Gα, Gβ and Gγ. When an associated

Methods used in this experiment include use of plasmids, imaging techniques, use of HEK cells, and voltage/current clamps, and finally an SNRC calculation. Plasmids are used because they are easy to manipulate and integrate into plasma membranes1. This allows an efficient and quick insertion of desired substances into the desired protein like GFP into ASAP1. In this experiment GFP was introduced into the S3 S4 loop where

There are certain transport vesicles which exist on the ER exit sites which are are COPII coated2. The synthesized proteins are first packed into these transport vesicles before being sent to the Golgi apparatus 2. This process can also be selective 2. That is, it can happen with the help of some transport signals which are

Optogenetic control of proteins with various functions and structural conformations has been proved to be an effective mean to manipulate different physiological processes in experimental settings. However, currently, repertoire of these optogenetical tools is mainly restricted to protein channels (Strickland, 2012), allosterically controllable proteins (Schröder-Lang, 2007) and proteins with permutable oligomeric interactions. (Guglielmi, 2016). In order to increase the scope of biological processes that can be experimentally regulated, current study describes a photocleavable protein (PhoCl) engineered from green to red photoconvertable fluorescent protein (mMaple) (Zhang, 2017). mMaple, upon excitation by violet light, is cleaved into

The Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) is a comprehensive public resource of gene expression signatures and other cellular processes in responses to a variety of perturbing agents, including 847 approved drugs and 30455 small compound molecules ($http://www.lincsproject.org/$). LINCS database is divided into the 11 category based on the biological processes, and 314 subcategories based on the type of experimental assays. The category of \textit{Cellular component organization} includes morphological features extracted from the cell-painting assay, representing changes in shape, texture, and intensity of major cellular components upon treatment with perturbing agents \cite{4}. Cell-painting assay is a fluorescence imaging multiplex cytological profiling assay that uses fluorescent dyes followed by automatic image in order to investigate the effects that compound treatments have on cells \cite{4}. LINCS project for \textit{Gene expression} profiling is divided to