Brain Disorder (ADHD)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly found disorder in children in the United States. Statistics show that the male to female ratio for children with ADHD is eight to one. 4.4 million Children between the ages four to seventeen have diagnosed with ADHD (Cheng Tina L et al.). African American children are at a higher risk for having ADHD. Caucasian children are least likely to have ADHD. 2.5 million children receive medication for ADHD, but African American children are half as likely as Caucasian children to take ADHD medication(Cheng Tina L et al.). If African American children do not take medication for ADHD the child will most likely do drugs, drop out of school, or find it harder to receive a job when they get older. There is not cure for children who have ADHD, but there is medication children can take to decrease their hyperactive and impulsive symptoms. Adderall, Methylin, Concerta, and Focalin are some of the medications given for children who have ADHD. Methylphenidate is the most common medication prescribed by physicians for ADHD. “Methylphenidate takes effects within fifteen minutes of taking it and lasts between four and twelve hours a day.” (Hughes, Katsiyannis, and Ryan). Although medication is out there for the children to take, some of the medication given haves negative side effects. ADHD is not preventable. Parents should not only avoid drinking, smoking, or doing any other type of drugs to prevent ADHD, but also to prevent

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, also known as ADHD, is the lifespan neurodevelopment disorder, that symptomizes of inattentiveness, impulsiveness, forgetfulness, distractibility and hyperactivity and is highly heritable and this heritable disorder has been transition, or a process that events throughout the lifespan should not affected it, into adulthood (Swift, Sayal, & Hollis, (2014); Ertekin, et. al.,). Often, adults with ADHD also experience a negative effect on socio-personal adaptation (Miranda et al., 2014). Young adults with ADHD fall I not the category between Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, also known as CAMHS, and Adult Mental Health Service, or AMHS: it is possible that ADHD in adults is not recognizable

In the psychiatric medical field, there is a book called the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM) that provides very specific guidelines on how to recognize, diagnose, and treat mental disorders. ADHD was first introduced to the DSM in 1980 when the DSM-II was published. Since then, three more DSM’s were published, making DSM-V the most up-to-date published manual. In the DSM-V, it describes “people with ADHD [must] show a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development” and a detailed list of criteria for either inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity follows (“Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)”). Also, everyone potential patient must present four specific conditions: they had to present the inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms prior to age twelve, the symptoms must be present in at least two different settings, the symptoms must impair the individual or evidently interfere with life, and the symptoms must not better fit any other mental disorder (“Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)”). Also, only professionals trained to diagnose ADHD are able to diagnose patients, therefore, eliminating any diagnostic errors attributed to a lack of

The DSM 5 criterion for ADHD is “ a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development.” It was at first thought to be a type of mental retardation, until it became clear that those effected by symptoms where not stupid but in fact highly intelligent. However they stubbornly refused to conform to societal rules not due to lack of comprehension but due to what seemed to be a lack of self-control and general disregard for rules. George F. Still did a great amount of work in coming to understand the connection between these behaviors and neurological impulse in the early 19th century. Massive amounts of research was done in an effort for the medical community to explain the bizarre and socially inappropriate behaviors of different individuals.“ the history of compiling these symptoms into a formal diagnose represents an increasing drive to medicalize unconvential childhood behaviors” (Rafalovich) Understanding of ADHD has developed a great deal in the pass 100 years from being thought of as “imbecility”, to “minimal brain damage” to the present diagnosable psychological condition it is today. In fact it was not called Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder until 1980, in DSM-III (a diagnostic reference book for physicians). This is shocking considering the number of people that are diagnosed every year with a disorder that is

According to the Mayo Clinic, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic condition that affects millions of children and often continues into adulthood. ADHD includes a combination of persistent problems, such as difficulty sustaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior. This paper will seek to define and dissect ADHD from a clinical standpoint in such a way as to maintain a clear understanding for the layman to grasp its complexities and challenges. There are a number of sub-types of ADHD to date today affecting boys, girls, men and women of all ages, ethnicities and social groups with well over 6 million children throughout the United States alone having been diagnosed with the condition. This disorder has been well documented since the late 1700s and has, since then, left those in the field of psychology continuing to learn about the disorder. While ADHD is a relatively well known disorder, there exists a rampant misunderstanding of the condition mainly concerning diagnosis, prevalence, causes, symptoms, challenges, and treatment possibilities which urges the critical need for the public to be educated properly about exactly what this disorder is all about as well as the variety of options available for families, teachers, therapists and individuals struggling with ADHD.

The definition given by the DSM-IV encompasses three behaviors to be symptoms of ADHD: inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. This definition offers minimal understanding of this prevalent but yet misunderstood condition. Professionals from various fields and educational backgrounds have researched this disorder since its introduction in 1980, though they have discovered treatments to counter act some of the behaviors the causes and cure are yet to be found.

The validity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) occurring for the first time within adulthood has been in recent years heavily debated. ADHD is a serious, oftentimes depleting developmental brain disorder, predominating in young children and adolescents (Muller & Asherson, 2012; Karam, et al., 2009; Hesslinger, et al., 2003; Taylor, et al., 2011; Tannock, 2013; Faraone, et al., 2006). ADHD is defined as a persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that is more regularly exhibited and more severe than observed in individuals of an equivalent developmental level (Faraone, et al., 2000; Muller & Asherson, 2012). Symptoms comprise of forgetfulness, lack of attention, physical restlessness, impulsivity, disorganised and hyperactive behaviour (Muller & Asherson, 2012; Hesslinger, et al., 2003). DSM-IV diagnostic criteria requirement is symptoms must have presented prior to seven years of age, six or more symptoms of inattention and six or more hyperactivity-impulsivity be present, and there be impairment within social, work and academic (Faraone, et al., 2000; Hesslinger, et al., 2003; Taylor, et al., 2011;

The American Psychiatric Association (APA) formulated a diagnosis for patients with ADHD based on specific clinical criteria (Batstra &Frances 2012) The criteria for ADHD describes chronic behavioral symptoms of inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity that are presented to a degree that significantly interfere with a person’s family and peer relations, as well as their educational or occupational functioning. According to the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual V (DSM-V) criteria there are three main sub-types of ADHD, the mainly hyperactive /impulsive sub-type, the mainly inattentive sub-type and the combined hyperactive-impulsive/inattentive sub-type (Batstra &Frances 2012) In the DSM-V, ADHD is defined

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD) continues to be a complex and widespread problem that is occurring in children at an unprecedented rate. According to DSM-V, a child must present symptoms before the age of twelve and display the symptoms for at least six months. There are two types of ADHD disorders; inattentive type and hyperactive-impulsive. A child could also have a combination of the two. Some of the most common symptoms for inattention include lack of attention, difficulty sustaining attention, difficulty following instructions, easily distracted and forgetfulness. Common symptoms for hyperactive-impulsive include fidgeting, excessive talking, being on the go very often and interrupting others (Mash & Wolfe, 2008). Both types of ADHD may affect a child’s social, personal and academic life. Children with the disorder may have sleeping problems and are more prone to accidents. Young children with ADHD show signs of aggression as young as preschool. During preschool years, they are ignoring their parents, acting out in public and getting into fights with other students or family members (Modesto, et al., 2008). As a child enters his or her adolescent years, they are more likely to do poorly in school and in some cases may even drop out. Their defiance poses a challenge for the parents (Modesto et al, 2014). Studies have shown that parents with children who have ADHD frequently reinforce their behaviors by giving attention to their impulsivity (Modesto, et al.,

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a condition for the brain noticeable through a continuous pattern of not being attentive, hyperactivity and impulsivity which inhibits functioning or development. Individuals with the disease find it difficult to concentrate and control their impulsive behaviors. They may appear to be agitated and are always energetic. The disorder is not only limited to children but can affect even grown-ups. Periods of hyperactivity however tends to get better as kids become older whereas inattention and impulsivity normally persists to adulthood (NIH, 2016). There is no cure known for ADHD but it can however be managed through a number of options that are available. The treatment alternatives present may

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) represents the most common externalizing psychopathology in adolescents, affecting 3-9% of the population. It is a developmental disorder and a chronic condition with associated symptoms and impairment that persists in approximately three-fourths of the cases into adolescence and in half of the cases into adulthood (Çuhadaroglu-Çetin, Füsun, et al., 2013). Adolescents with high levels of impulsivity and inattention have an increased risk for school and occupational failure, difficulties in parent/peer relationships and social and problem-solving skills, executive dysfunctions, emotional self-regulation problems, antisocial behaviors and criminal activity, substance use, and other psychiatric problems when they grow up.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, (ADHD), all the more usually alluded to as Include (Attention Deficit Disorder) has just as of late come to notice of researchers. It affects 3.5 million individuals less than 18 years old and 5 million individuals beyond 18 years old. Its present reason for presence is because of deformities at neurotransmitter destinations, rendering patients unmindful and indiscreet. Nonetheless, consistently more advance is made in finding the cause and discovering more compelling medicines. ADHD 's first determination was made in 1902 by Dr. George Still. He watched 20 kids who were oblivious, rash, hyperactive, and indicated inclination swings. He at first ascribed their conduct to mellow cerebrum harm. By 1917 ADHD or always dynamic was still thought to have this cause. As of now, popular encephalitis appeared to be connected to the illness in light of the fact that, subsequent to being tainted, kids had impeded consideration, memory, and motivation control. In 1937 ADHD was known as insignificant cerebrum brokenness and started to be treated with amphetamines, which made kids with the turmoil much more quiet.

It’s normal for a child to occasionally forget to do their homework, get fidgety when they lose interest in an activity, or speak out of turn during class time. But inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are all signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a neuro-development disorder and can start as early as three years old throughout adulthood. People with ADHD have trouble focusing on tasks and activities, this can have a negative impact on the individual in different ways. It can make the child feel alone, incompetent, and powerless and those that don’t understand this behavior only intensified their struggle. Family and schools have a major impact on the life of a child suffering with ADHD. Parents who

Every single one of us has had some difficulty sitting still, paying attention and even controlling impulsive behavior once or twice in our life. For some people, however, the problems that occur slim to none in our life occurs in the lives of theirs every day and interfere with every aspect of their life inclusive of home, academic, social and work. . The interaction of core ADHD symptoms with co-morbid problems and neuropsychological deficits suggests that individuals with ADHD are likely to experience problems in academic settings. This study was conducted to show the disadvantages and impairments in the education of children with ADHD.

“Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition affecting children and adults that is characterized by problems with attention, impulsivity, and overactivity” (CHADD). “It is a neurobiological disorder that affect 3-7 percent of school age children and may be seen as before the age of 7. The current diagnostic label is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, however, in the past several other names have been used, such as brain-damaged, minimal brain dysfunction, hyperkinetic impulsive disorder, and attention deficit disorder (CHADD). ADHD is a controversial disorder. Some understand it to be a true disability, while others believe “good teaching and discipline at home resolve the problems” (Kauffman 2005).