Brain Freeze Research Paper

p.483 The cell bodies of primary-order neurons or pain-transmitting neurons reside in the dorsal root ganglia just lateral to the spine along the sensory pathways that penetrate the posterior part of the cord. The second order neurons are found in the dorsal horn (p.484) Most nociceptive information tranvels by means of ascending columns in the lateral spinothalamic tract (also called the anterolateral funiculus). The principal target for nociceptive afferents is the thalamus (the major relay station of sensory information in general) Third order neurons project to portions of the CNS involved in the processing and interpretation of pain, the chief areas being the reticular and limbic systems and cerebral cortex. (p 484)

The cervical spinal nerve C3-5 innervate the phrenic nerve. These are the lower motor neurons.

Response: That specific cranial nerve is the Hypoglossal (XII) nerve and it belongs to the Sensory Somatic nervous system.

* In split-brain surgery the bundle of fibers that connects cerebral hemispheres (the corpus callosum) is cut to reduce the severity of epileptic seizures.

Pain receptors in the skin sense pain and send signals through the spinal cord. Once the signals arrive at the brain, several parts of the brain begin to process it instead of just one part.

a small amount of spinal fluid can be then removed and tested to determine if there is some type of infection or other underlying medical problems. Lumbar Puncture can also be used to measure the pressure of the spinal canal and measure the brain. Research has shown that the cell membrane that surrounds every neuron has an important role in Epilepsy, these membranes are responsible for the neurons to generate an electrical impulse and for some reason when the brain attempts to repair itself after head trauma, stroke, or another problem that may generate atypical nerve connections that will lead to Epilepsy. Studies in animals have also provided that because the brain constantly adapts to changes in a small change in neurological activity, if repeated this may increase the chances of a full blown epileptic attack. Anomalies in the brain connections that happen while the brain develops may also disrupt neurological activity which could lead to Epilepsy. Research has also shown that the repeated attacks of the temporal lobe can cause the hippocampus to shrink, the hippocampus is responsible for learning and memorization, but it may however take years for such a seizure attack to do significant

The other kind of pain is neuropathic, and it affects the nerves. Dr. Day says this is a condition called Complex Regional Pain Syndrome or CRPS. It happens when an injury or illness leaves the nervous system with a malfunction. Many patients describe it as a

It also allows for the front part of the tongue to sense taste and the eyes to open and close. This nerve is located in the Fallopian canal of the skull, inferior to the ear and bilaterally connected to the muscles of the face. (PEDIACTRICS Vol. 112 No. 2, 2003). It is thought that with the incidence of Lyme disease, the inflammation correlated with the disease is the cause of Bell’s palsy because of the pressure it puts on this nerve.

For the past couple of years, I have witnessed first hand the effects that trigeminal neuralgia does to the human body. My mother was diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia in 2010. She was suffering from the pain of the condition for more than two years before she was correctly diagnosed at MD Anderson in Houston, Texas. My mother always explained her pain as worse than childbirth, and that is because she has had four children. It caused my mom to have multiple sleepless nights, an aching jaws, constant and excruciating pain, and in one extreme incident, her job locked while she was chewing causing her to choke and had to receive the Heimlich maneuver. Being that she said it was the worst pain in her life, my family knew it was something more than chronic migraines: which is what one of the doctors she saw in the Rio Grande Valley diagnosed her with.

Medial branch nerves are small nerves that feed out from the facet joints in the spine, and therefore carry pain signals from those joints. The facet joints are the joints between the vertebrae in the spine, thus, they allow the spine to bend, flex and twist. A medial branch nerve block temporarily interrupts the pain signal being carried from a specific facet joint. Common branch block placements are cervical, lumbar, and thoracic.

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), is a “classical” facial pain syndrome produce secondary to herpes zoster virus “reactivation” that may become chronic and recurrent and is probably one of the most common causes of craniofacial pain. TN is usually characterized by unilateral pain. This pain follows the nerve sensory anatomical distribution (cranial nerve V, radiating to the mandibular or maxillary region in 30% of affected patients) and is commonly accompanied by a brief/transitory facial tic or spasm. TN produces attacks of stabbing unilateral craniofacial pain, most frequent on the right side. The number of episodes and vary from less than one attack per day to twelve or more every hour and up to hundreds every

The literature is outdated; publishing dates ranged from 1997 to 2006. This article was published in 2009; only one of the articles used for research was within five years, all others were older. The literature would be more relevant if it was more recent. The literature that was used although it may have been outdated, did support the problem researched; using hypothermia as a means of treatment for a traumatic brain injury.

Brain surgery is a type of surgery that is related to the brain. Brain surgery could be used for taking out tumors. It can also be used for taking out blood clots in the brain. For brain surgeries the surgeon that is doing it needs to have a lot of patience, and needs to be very precise. Even though every surgeon has to have patience and precision, when

Disorders of cranial nerves may affect the connections between cranial nerve centers within the brain. A disorder may affect one or more nerves at a time, and the presence and

     The blood brain barrier protects brain cells from harmful substances, as well as, pathogens, by preventing passage of many substances from blood into brain tissue.