Brain Observation Report

The temporal lobe is meant for processing sounds and dealing with almost everything hearing related. We believe this is possibly our most interactive exhibit with multiple activities designed to test and explore one’s hearing potential! Two activities include a hearing test and a pitch hearing test both of which are clearly interactive and enjoyable for both young and old

In addition, memory span tasks support the existence of the articulatory loop showing that task ability heavily depends on a

In acknowledging the stated above we replicated a study developed by mead & Hampson (1996) involving the divided visual field paradigm and a phonological rhyme/non-rhyme task to test the speed and accurateness of either side of the brain.

The purpose of this paper is to consider and appropriately determine the undeviating correlation of hearing loss to dementia. Hearing loss is a prevalent, multifaceted issue that many individuals struggle with, especially the elderly population. Furthermore, one of the many negative consequences that these individual’s battle with is the inevitable cognitive decline that accompanies hearing loss. Many studies and clinical trials give rise to awareness and implication of cognitive decline linked to a progressive hearing loss. Such fundamental quantitative data provides sufficient evidence to validate the increasing correspondence of dementia and hearing loss as well as provide critical knowledge to the public eye.

Numerous researches and experiments have been done based on whether the human being possess one brain divided into two parts (left and right hemisphere) or whether we have two different brains working together. The psychologist Roger W. Sperry was the first on research this topic with some experiments on animals. Then, he later started working with Michael Gazzaniga. They were able to find split-brain patients. Those patients had their brain split as way of reducing or stopping uncontrollable epilepsy. Many agreed to participate in the experiments. The experiments that they held focused on finding out what kind of limitations would each brain have if they operated independently, how the 5 senses

The current study examined the impact of a distractor task involving similar or dissimilar material on the learning of different stimuli sets (consonants vs. digits). Although there may be different rates of recall between the stimuli sets, the primary hypothesis is that there will be an interaction effect between the different stimuli sets and the material presented in the distractor task. Specifically, individuals attempting to recall a learned set of consonants are predicted to have a lower rate of recall when a distracter task involves the processing of unrelated words as compared to the processing of numbers. Conversely, individuals attempting to recall a learned set of digits are to have a lower rate of recall when a distractor task involves

The superior temporal gyrus is one of three (sometimes two) gyri in the temporal lobe of the human brain. It is a long anatomical region located along the sylvian fissure dorsally and the superior temporal sulcus ventrally, and is subdivided into several regions anatomically and functionally. The most anterior part of the STG is the temporal polar cortex (BA 38), while the dorsal (posterior) surface of the STG is located within the sylvian fissure and is subdivided into Heschl’s gyrus (HG), the planum temporale (PT), the planum porale (PP). Many important brain structures are presented within the STG, such as the primary auditory cortex (BA 41,42) in HG and auditory association cortical areas (BA 22) in the

Four groups of men aged 20 to 30 (n=15 for each group) will be undergo a series of psychometric tests to measure their reasoning abilities. One group will listen to the 40Hz binaural beats during the test, while another will listen to white noise during the test. Of the remaining two groups, one will have listened to binaural beats twice a week for one hour at a time for three weeks prior to the test, while the other will have done the same with white noise. This prior introduction of binaural beats will occur at a specified time, but will occur at whatever environment the subjects choose and will depend on the subjects themselves to

20 [right-handed] healthy adults (7 females; mean age of 23.6 years; 19-34 years range) participated in the study after giving written informed consent as approved by [University, Program]. Each participant had normal or corrected to normal vision and normal hearing. None of the subjects had current or prior neurological or psychiatric illnesses.

In this article, the evaluation of asymmetrical cerebral activation was limited to the dorsolateral region of the prefrontal cortex.

FFR was used in a study to investigate the effects of selective attention on humans` primary auditory cortex area and thalamus. Increased response was observed at the fundamental frequency in comparison to that of the ignored vowel[5]. Few researchers study the effect of selective attention on the brainstems responses. In 1993 Ario and .et al has investigated the effects of selective attention on the click-ABR. He showed that selective attention modulates the response at the brainstem level less than that of the cortical level[6]. For the first time, in 2008 it has been stated that auditory selective attention causes activity in the inferior colliculus, which is in the brainstem. Auditory selective attention intensely activates neural activity in human`s auditory cortex. On the contrary, the role of the attention in subcortical auditory processing was not that much interesting. In this study, fMRI was used to investigate the activity of the inferior colliculus (IC) during the auditory selective attention procedure. Inferior colliculus lies in the auditory pathway with various internal and external

The speech perception abilities of these groups were assessed through the identification of monosyllabic words and nonsense syllable stimuli represented at two degrees of attenuation. This finding can be directly related to effects caused by OME, as it causes mild-moderate hearing loss. As the level of SCHL increased, speech recognition scores decreased for both children and adults. Due to their more established vocabularies, the adults had more vocabulary knowledge than the children and therefore got higher performance scores. When assessing their individual test results for both monosyllabic words and nonsense syllable stimuli, adults had significantly lower scores recognizing nonsense syllables than recognizing words. Children on the other hand responded equally to both types of stimuli

A normal group was acquired as well to compare against the patients, in addition to a group of ADHD outpatients. The ADHD group was involved in the the experiment to compare across different neuropsychiatric groups. The dichotic test utilized two separate auditory stimuli that were played in each ear. They greatly anticipated that the schizophrenic group would display a much larger REA, compared to the other groups.The stimulus materials involved in the testing was comprised of 6 total stop consonants which consisted of the letters b, d, g, p, t, and k. These consonants were then additionally paired with the vowel a, in order to form simple CV (consonant-vowel ) syllables such as: ba, da, ga, pa, ta, and ka. These syllables were then recorded on a basic audio tape that would play the CV syllables in each ear. The DL test was broken down, and structured for the participants into sections of tasks that would look at selective attention. NF (non-forced) was one section of the examination designed so that they participant would listen to the two different syllables being said into the right and left ears. The participant would then indicate whichever syllable sounded louder, by repeating or gesturing to the syllable they just heard on a chart listed in front of them. The FR (forced right) task had the participant tell the researcher which syllable was spoken into the right ear, and do their best to ignore the distracting stimulus in the left ear. The same

At Northwestern’s Auditory Neuroscience Lab, Kraus and colleagues measure how the brain responds when various sounds enter the ear. They’ve found that the brain reacts to sound in microseconds, and that brain waves closely resemble the sound waves. Making sense of sound is one of the most “computationally complex” functions of the brain, Kraus said, which explains why so many language and other disorders, including autism, reveal themselves in the way the brain processes sound. The way the brain responds to the “ingredients” of sound—pitching, timing and timbre—is a window into brain health and learning ability.

Some crucial findings of the compelling relation between sensory ability and cognitive function in different age groups of people have been found from prior research. There are a few explanations are presented toward this relation. One of these explanations suggests that cognitive processing is restricted by sensory abilities, while the other one claims that sensory abilities have influences on cognitive abilities; the third one points out that both of sensory and cognitive abilities have impact on each other by a potentially aged based, third factor. Moderation and mediation analyses are applied to explore the visual acuity, which plays a role of being sensory measure, while the scores from auditory memory and visual speed tests as the cognitive measure.