Brain Process Memory

Outline and evaluate research in to the duration, capacity and encoding information in short term memory.

The part of the brain that is in charge of memory is called the hippocampus, which is part of the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex is in charge of thinking, problem solving, and many different kinds of language skills. People that have a problem with their hippocampus can have trouble remembering new details they have taken in. There are also many different parts of the hippocampus that apply directly to the memory. These parts include short-term memory, long-term memory, sensory memory, and the constructive processes. Short-term memory is the information that stays in your brain only when you are thinking about it, about 20 to 30 seconds. After this, it is most likely forgotten. Long-term memory is when your hippocampus keeps track of facts you learn, ideas you have, and experiences. Even when people stop thinking about these things, the memory can last a lifetime. Another part of the hippocampus, sensory memory, remembers information only for one or two seconds. The brain creates a mental image that disappears when you stop directly thinking about a particular thing. The last part of the hippocampus is the constructive processes. Constructive processes are memories that your brain makes up in order to make sense of a detail in which you only remember some of the details. The few details that the brain remembers are combined with other small details that your brain adds in order for it to

Some scientists believe that parts of long term memory are permanent while others will eventually weaken over time. (3) Long term memory can be divided into three sections: procedural memory, declarative memory, and remote memory. Procedural memory includes motor skills such as learning how to ride a bike or how to drive a car. "Such memories are slow to acquire but more resistant to change or loss." (4) Declarative memory is used to remember facts, such as names, dates and places. It is easy to learn but also easy to lose. Finally there is episodic memory, which is the record of events that a person stores throughout his or her experience. Recent studies show that these events, as soon as they occur, are sent to a temporary part of the brain called the hippocampus, and that over time they are moved to the neocortex for permanent storage. (5).

There are 3 necessary steps/types that are crucial to forming a lasting memory. Step 1: sensory memory, step 2: short-term memory, and step 3: long-term memory. These are the three types of memory that are needed to build a lasting memory. Sensory memory is the shortest memory in the shortest- term memory element.One of the types of memory allows you to remember information through the 5 senses. The brain will remember anything that happened from 1 second to 60 seconds using the sensory part of your memory. An example of sensory memory is: I got hit in the head with a purple yo-yo. After sensory memory comes the short-term memory. Short-term memory acts as a “scratch- pad” for temporary recall. Short- term memory holds small amounts of information. Anything something that took place in front of your eyes for longer than 60 seconds, the short-term memory section of the brain will remember it. This section of your brain will allow you to recall that information in the next few hours or days. An example of short-term memory is: time on the clock 10 minutes ago. Lastly, comes long– term memory. Long- term memory, is used to store information of a set time

Only the data that catches our attention or something we only need to know for a minute goes into short-term memory. Short-term memory is stored in the brain for about half a minute. Short-term storage is small; it can hold about seven independent items at one time, an example being "carry" numbers in math.Information that may help us in the future will go into long-term memory, where it can last a lifetime.Long-term memory involves three processes: encoding, storage and retrieval.

1) Memory is the act of reviewing or processing of what has been studied. We use memory to learn and think in our everyday lives. Memory is a personal library in our brain for us to look back at information we encounter in our lives. While doing research on this paper I stumbled upon a lot of informations about memory and tips and trick to improve our memory. In chapter 7 of Karen Huffman and Katherine Dowdell's textbook, I learned amazing new bits knowledge into how we recall information and why we forget. Memory is broken up into three parts. You have encoding, storage, retrieval. Encoding is the introductory learning data. Storage is the maintenance of encoded data over time. Retrieval is the ability to get to the data when you need it. All three of memory stages figures out if something is recollected or forgotten. Students will likely not remember

Memory is an essential segment within the human body, in which plays the role of being able to encode, store and retain and subsequently recall information from past experiences including previously learnt facts, figures, experiences, impressions, skills and habits (Source 2) . As memory can then be separated into different sub-units each one having its own speciality function within the memory that as a whole helps the memory function appropriately. It can firstly be broken down to Sensory memory, short –term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM). Immediately when a memory is generated it is stored, into STM and depending on its use eventually into LTM. The memory acts as a filter, processing through pieces of information and past experiences to evaluate whether it is useful or not.

According to philosopher-psychologist William James, memory is a generalized concept that encompasses the long term and short term memory. Kendra Cherry, psychologist expert, defines long term memory as “storage of information over an extended period.” (Cherry n.d.) An individual’s long term memory is structured by a semi-permanent chemical and the anatomical hippocampus. The hippocampus is in the center of both hemispheres of the brain and works in accordance with the amygdala to allow information to be imported to form memories. In relation to her research of the long term memory, Cherry also provided information on the characterization of the short memory which is described as, the “primary or active memory” that presently takes in information. (Cherry n.d.) The thalamus is a large portion of a dual lobed mass of matter that is located under the cerebral cortex.

Memory is defined as "the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information." Our memory can be compared to a computer's information processing system. To remember an event we need to get information into our brain which is encoding, store the information and then be able to retrieve it. The three-stage processing model of Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin suggests that we record information that we want to remember first as a fleeting sensory memory and then it is processed into a short term memory bin where we encode it ( pay attention to encode important or novel stimuli) for long-term memory and later retrieval. The premise for the three step process is that we are unable to focus on too much

Long term memory is defined like it sounds long term memory is intended for long term storage of information over a long term period of time. Despite short term memory, long term memory seems to decline very little in as time goes on. Your long term memory can store an unlimited amount of information for an unlimited amount of time (Mastin,2010). Long term memory has three different memories the procedural memory, semantic, and the episodic memory (McLeod,2010). The procedural memory is the part of the long term memory where we remember how to do things. The semantic memory is in charge of store information about the world and finally the episodic memory store memories about an event. Short term memory can have relationships with negative and positive emotions. Based on the study by Philipp Spachtholz; working memory can be affected by emotions.

If information is not rehearsed, after 0-18 seconds, this information will be forgotten, lost from working memory through displacement or decay. Long term memory has vitually limitless capacity and the potential duration of a lifetime. Weather or not information is passed through each stage depends upon how much attention is paid. Attention impacts the transmission between sensory memory and short term memory largely. Selective attention involves focusing on a smaller amount of information which enables an individual to process and register in their minds, moving into short term memory and temporally being able to be recalled later.

Long term memory is information that is permanently stored in the brain for later use.

The one that lasts the least amount of time, sensory memory, is happening every second. It is the stream of information that the body sends to the brain that it absorbs from the outside world. This memory type is processed within less than a second and discarded to make room in the brain for other thoughts. The next type of memory, short-term memory, is made up of the connections and thoughts people have in day-to-day life. It may have information used to study for a test or a dance routine. Due to the limited amount of space in short-term memory, things like random lists of objects or sequences of numbers are thrown out to make more space. The third main type of memory is long-term memory. These memories last throughout life and are divided into two distinct categories: explicit memory and implicit memory. Explicit memories are the things people consciously, purposely remember, such as events in their lives, facts, concepts, and things learned over time. Implicit memories are skills or tasks that people unconsciously carry out. This can range from things like riding a bike to tying shoe laces. These are things encoded so deep into memories that the brain no longer has to think about

Memory refers to a mental process that is used to gain, gather, and recover information. The information that is stored in our memory with the help of our senses will be processed by numerous systems all through our brain, and it will be accumulated for later use (Mason, 2003-2006). Gordon and Berger (2003) said that there are two basic kinds of memory: ordinary and intelligent memory. Ordinary memory is remembering specific names of people, time, place, locations of certain things, and things to be done. It is comparatively fragile for it stores information for a few minutes, and that information will soon be forgotten. Thus, it is what fails when we can’t remember something. We are

Long-term memory is presumably unlimited storage that holds information for long periods. This could be a large amount of time. This information comes from the short-term memory. Whenever you make a connection to the data, it moves into this ‘forever’ storage. Uninterrupted repetition and the meaningful association help to make this possible; I use this to help me. I believe, in order to prevent forgetting, you would need to recall the stored information constantly. For example, if it is a test you are studying for, you might want to