Brain Tumors Research Paper

The brain is made up of millions upon millions of cells. These cells are formed from before birth, up until about 7 years old. Once these brain cells stop dividing, they are never meant to divide again. You can see that the division of brain cells is under strict regulation and control. When this control is lost in a single cell, then it starts dividing in an uncontrolled manner. All of the data obtained through research on cancer shows that this disease is caused by a rapidly dividing cell, with no regulators to stop it from dividing. As the cell makes more and more copies of itself, it grows to form a tumor. This is known as cancer.

Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive form of malignant brain cancer in adults. On average, 8 of every 100,000 people in the U.S. are diagnosed with glioblastoma every year – representing approximately 2% of all cancers diagnosed [1]. Glioblastoma tumors form when astrocytes, star-shaped cells which support and protect the brain, re-enter the cell cycle and start to rapidly divide. Because the brain is supported by a large network of blood vessels, tumors grow quickly and are difficult to remove surgically. Present treatments for glioblastoma are limited to surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy; however, despite these interventions tumors are likely to regrow. Consequently, typical survival time following glioblastoma diagnosis is less than 2 years.

Glioblastoma (pronounced like gleO blastoma) is an incurable brain cancer,Survival rate is usually measured in months.This became a word that was instantly defined, researched, dissected, feared, and tried to comprehend and understand by family,friends and acquaintances of Larry McKee (McKee)who was personally affected from this single word, it was quickly added to their vocabulary, because of the of the events that transpired on October 22, 2011 that forever changed lives “Glioblastomas are tumors that arise from the astrocytes- the star-shaped cells that make up the “glue-like,” or supportive tissue of the brain. These tumors are usually highly malignant (cancerous) because the cells reproduce quickly and they are supported by a large network of blood vessels.”(A.B.T A..) He was diagnosed with stage four.

Brain cancer develops from cells within the brain. The brain controls the vital functions of the body, including, speech, movement, thoughts, feelings, memory, sight, hearing, and more. Brain cancer affects people in many different ways. Brain cancer is diagnosed at the local stage in 76.6% of people. The 5-year survival for localized brain and other nervous system cancer is 36.3%. Brain cancer will cause anything from headaches to balance and walking problems, changes in your vision, muscle twitches, memory problems, and nausea and vomiting.

Tumors can be classified into three types: 1) benign 2) pre malignant 3) malignant tumor. Benign tumors are those which are incapable of abrupt expanding and affecting the other healthy brain tissues. Premalignant tumor is a pre cancerous stage, if not treated properly it may lead to cancers. It is often considered as a disease. Malignant tumor grows rapidly with time an ultimately leads to death of patient. Malignant is a medical term describing a sever growth of a disease. The most common primary brain Tumors are gliomas, wherein 70% are in the group of malignant gliomas, glioblastoma multiform (GBM).The GBM is one of the highest malignant human

This year it is estimated that roughly 24,000 adults in the United States alone will be diagnosed with primary cancerous tumors of the brain or spinal cord (Brain Tumor: Statistics) . Brain related cancers are the 2nd leading cause of death for men up to age 39 and women up to age 20 (Brain Tumor Primer) . There are two types of tumors, benign and malignant. Each tumor has a different possible treatment method. Malignant tumors may require surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, while benign tumors may only require surgery. There are also various clinical trials for malignant tumors, one of which involves combining the chemotherapy medication temozolomide with radiation therapy to treat the tumor, or at the very least slow the growth

CNS tumors represent the second most frequent tumor of childhood and the most common pediatric solid tumor; approximately 2,200 patients under the age of 20 are diagnosed each year with invasive CNS tumors, and CNS tumors are the number one cause of death from childhood cancer. [1] Therapeutic strategies generally involve surgery as a primary intervention, but complete resection is often not possible due to tumor location. In such cases, adjunct therapies, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy, may be required based on the tumor histology and presence of residual tumor. [2]

Ependymoma is a type of brain tumor and while it is rare in adults, accounting for 2-3% of brain tumors, ependymoma is mainly found in children and accounts for around 5% of all childhood brain cancers (American Cancer Society [ACS], 2014, January 31; American Brain Tumor Association [ABTA], n.d.). The survival rate of patients with ependymoma who have survived five years after their tumor is detected is 75% Tumors occur when cells grow to excess and form a mass. While some tumors are benign, meaning that they are harmless, others are malignant, or cancerous. Ependymoma is a malignant cancerous brain tumor (“American Society of Clinical Oncology [ASCO]– Childhood,” n.d.). The tumor appears as soft, grey or red tumors and could comprise of cysts or mineral calcifications.

The diseases associated with FUBP1 include oligodendrogliomas, astrocytomas, and oligoastrocytomas. Oligodendrogliomas are primary glial brain tumors and can be either low-grade (grade II) or high-grade (grade III). [2] Since oligodendrogliomas have a slow growth rate, they are often present for years before they are diagnosed. Nevertheless, the most common symptoms include: seizures, headaches, and personality changes. Altogether, the symptoms vary by location and size of the tumor. About 66 to 78 % of people with grade II oligodendroglioma survive for about 5 years after diagnoses, while 30 to 38 % of people with grade III will survive for about 5 years after they are diagnosed. [3] Astrocytoma is another type of brain cancer that stats in the cerebrum, which is the largest part of the brain, but can also appear in the cerebellum, which is the back of the brain. It is more common in men than in women. Like oligodendrogliomas, the most common symptoms of astrocytomas include: headaches, seizure, changes in behavior and memory loss. [4] Prognosis of astrocytomas depends on the type of astrocytoma. Altogether, a low-grade astrocytoma (LGA) has an 83 % 10-year overall survival, while the overall survival rate of a high-grade astrocytoma (HGA) range between 15-20%. In both oligodendrogliomas and astrocytomas, the FUBP1 locus is mutated which leads to the inactivation of

Since DIPG brain tumors are on the bottom of the brain and are so close to the spinal cord most nearly all of the symptoms are caused from the tumor effecting the nervous system so bad. Symptoms include double vision, unable to close eye lids completely, dropping of one side of the face, difficulty chewing and swallowing, and difficulty balancing. Due to the tumor growing so fast and so rapidly the symptoms worsen rapidly.

Around 20 out of each 100 individuals (20%) get by for a long time or more after finding. What's more, around 15 out of each 100 individuals (15%) get by for a long time or more after they are analyzed. More youthful individuals appear to improve. In individuals matured somewhere around 15 and 39, around 60 out of 100 (60%) make due for a long time or more after determination. Ladies appear to show improvement over men however we don't know why this is. There are UK measurements for a few sorts of cerebrum tumor in kids matured 1 to 14. Survival rates dramatically increased between the 1960's and the mid 2000s. In general, 65 out of each 100 youngsters determined to have a brain tumor (65%) make due for a long time or more after conclusion. Nearly 78,000 new cases of primary brain tumors are expected to be diagnosed this year. This figure includes nearly 25,000 primary malignant and 53,000 non-malignant brain

An Astrocytoma is a type of tumor that is created by star-shaped cells called astrocytes. These astrocytes are the largest and most numerous type of neuroglia in the Central Nervous System, and make up the supportive tissue of the brain. Because of the size and number of astrocytes they are the most common Central Nervous System tumor. Although Astrocytomas are so common, the cause remains unknown. Researchers believe that genetics could be a part of the cause of Astrocytomas. Astrocytes combine with other support cells called Oligodendrocytes and Ependymal cells to make up glial tissue. Tumors within the glial tissue are referred to as gliomas. This means that an Astrocytoma is a glioma tumor, and can be broken down into four grades or levels based off of how aggressive the tumor is.

Examples of this would be meninges which are the brain-covering membranes. Cranial nerves, pituitary gland, and pineal gland are all other examples. Cranial nerves are nerves that directly go to your brain. Pituitary glands are glands that control your hormone glands. Pineal glands are in the vertebrate of your brain. There are primary and secondary brain tumors. Primary begins when normal cells get mutations in their DNA. Mutations let cells grow and go separate ways as the rates are increasing. A mass of abnormal cells is the result of this and forms a tumor. You might not have heard of primary brain tumors as much as secondary brain tumors. Secondary brain tumors begin to spread elsewhere in the brain (Mayo Clinic Staff 2,

Brains Tumours: Cancer By Finlay McKibbin oGe3 Which part of the bedy dees it affect? Brain tumours effect the brain, being formed in its glial cells, which grow from the supporting cells of the brain These tumours are known as "gliomas. Considering they develop in the brain, they are formally known as primary brain tumours. Also, the part of the brain the brain tumour effects, changes the symptoms and treatments for the individual. Common Symptoms. The common symptoms of brain tumours are; Headaches: being the most common symptom, being both severe and persistent in few cases, and can come or go Seizures Nausea and vomiting Difficulty when speaking or being able to recall words Disturbed vision, hearing, smell, and or taste Weakness and or

Common malignant brain cancers increase significantly according to statistical data collected by the National Cancer Institute. In 1984, the annual incidence rates of primary brain tumor and primary brain lymphoma also increased notably, the rate of lymphoma almost tripling,