Brain and Social Learning Theory Essay

The two theories discussed here will be the Psychodynamic Theory and the Social Learning Theory. Psychodynamic theories include the wisdom of Freud and Jung. Freud discusses, defense mechanisms, understanding the ego as it relates to rational thinking and the superego in regard to mortality. Whereas the Social Learning Theory includes those works from Bandura, Watson, and Piaget among others. This theory will focus on imitation, observation and modeling another’s behavior to achieve a certain desired outcome. Although their conceptual theories differ, they both reflect, shape, and interpret the very essence of the human psyche and how we have evolved and developed over the years.

Fear of the dark still remains and they may have a fear of moving objects and fear of being abandoned by their parents

Social cognition is the encoding, storage, retrieval, and processing, of information in the brain. It is a process that is generalized within a species, and relates to members of the same species. At one time social cognition referred specifically to an approach to social psychology in which these processes were studied according to the methods of cognitive

Everyday people use social cognition as a tool to help them thrive in social world. There are many important aspects of social cognition that are helpful to us in making decisions and help us to interpret the world around us. An important aspect that is linked to social cognition is that of thought suppression. Thought suppression is when a person tries to force particular thoughts, memories or feelings out of their minds that may be unpleasant or may cause a great deal of stress for the individual. Many people are unaware how often we use thought suppression in our daily lives, but the truth is we use it in almost every aspect of our day.

There have been three suggested theories to explain our acquired patterns of behaviors or learning, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning. (Robbins and Judge, 2009, p. 55) This discussion will look at operant conditioning its extension social learning, and how it pertains to a covenantal framework. Using a personal example I am able to show how the integration of learning and covenantal thinking leads to the success of an organization.

The monsters from church had followed me home and had been in the process of dragging me to Hell. I didn't want to go there but they were insisting and I was screaming. My dad burst into my bedroom looking far too angry for my dad to look. I was out of breath when he came to me and tears drenched my face. Sweat had soaked through my pyjamas and soaked the bed sheets. All I could say was the word monsters over and over. I held out my arms towards my dad for comfort. I got a lecture.

Cornell University, College of Human Ecology (2013) John Eckenrode, human ecology bio page. Retrieved from: http://www.human.cornell.edu/bio.cfm?netid=jje1.

Dasani’s schema has allowed her to think quickly on her feet and adapt to her living conditions (Elliot, 2013). When she reads the facial expressions of social workers and figures out what she should, or should not say, based on their demeanor, she shows evidence of assimilation and accommodation. When she lands a job working with Giant and her parents end up not taking her, she takes it upon herself to ride the train with her siblings to Harlem. Dasani has learned the art of accommodation and found a balance to her life (Elliot, 2013).

). Laushey and Heflin (2000) led a study in an inclusive kindergarten classroom that used a different approach to the buddy program. The kindergarten students were paired each day with a buddy, and the buddies switched so they were not always with the same child with ASD (Laushey & Heflin, 2000). This method significantly increased social interaction of the students with ASD and the students without disabilities also gained increased social skills (Laushey & Heflin, 2000). Bass and Mulick (2007) articulated the importance of social play skills in relation to the development of social, cognitive and cultural competence, as well as social relationships.

Behaviorism application to early childhood, the behavioral approach and consistent misunderstanding and devaluation exists among many professional in the early childhood field. In this paper, it will discuss the important figures in developing behaviorism, the principal elements of the theory and relevant periods of development through adolescence. In addition, it will identify and describe the critical features of the behavioral approach and their similarities to early childhood and the strength and weaknesses of behaviorism. Finally, the paper will provide examples of the influence and application of the behavioral perspective in early childhood. In the conclusion of this paper, we assert that behaviorism is the most pragmatic and functional of the modern psychological ideologies and described both development and learning. The three theorists: Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, B.F. Skinner summarizes the behaviorist theory in different ways and in this paper; it will provide details of the theorist definition of behaviorism.

This approach simply assumes that the human being is a processor of information just in a similar way like the computer. Information processing approach to cognitive psychology sees the mind as an information processors and that is possible and desirable to study the internal processes that lie between the environmental stimuli and the response individuals give to it. This approach argues that information made

The Psychoanalytic approach to personality is that humans behave in a particular way due to three parts of the mind: the id, the ego and the superego. The id doesn 't have any concern for others and just wants to have their needs met, this is mainly motivated by pleasure. If the id needs or wants something they won’t let anything stop them from getting it. The ego is responsible for satisfying the desires of the id in a realistic and acceptable way. The ego just like the id seeks pleasure and tries to avoid pain however unlike the id the ego will find a realistic way to find it. The superego can be quite harsh and critical and often strive for perfection and can act like an inner judge. The superego would often reward themselves with feelings of pride and punish themselves with feelings of guilt. The Freudian approach to personality also includes the conscious and unconscious mind. Freud believed that most of personality was unconscious and that the hidden parts are responsible for much of our behavior. Freud was confident he could uncover people’s personalities by listening to their dreams as

Personality is a branch of psychology that focuses on the construction of a coherent picture of an individual and his or her major psychological processes and the individual differences that make up a personality. Personality is defined as the set of emotional qualities, ways of behaving, and thinking patterns, that makes a person different from other people (Miriam-Webster 2014). Sigmund Freud was among the first to delve deeper into the human minds. By observing patients with nervous disorders, he concluded that beneath conscious awareness is a larger unconscious mind which was full of largely unacceptable thoughts, feelings, wishes and memories. Freud believed that these troublesome feelings and ideas subconsciously influence our decisions. He also believed human personality is a conflict between our aggressive-pleasure seeking biological urges and our internalized control over these urges. Through his studies, Feud deduced that childhood reactions subconsciously affected an individual’s life through the decisions they made as an adult (Freud 1961). Modern research, however, contradicts most of Freud’s theories. Today’s developmental psychologists see development as a lifelong endeavor, not just fixated in childhood (Meyers, 2014, p. 430). In the 1960’s, psychologists such as Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers focused on the ways that “healthy” people behaved and reacted, as compared to Freud’s studies of “sick” people. Maslow and Rogers, who were deemed humanistic

In this paper I am going to talk about Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality. I will describe what his theory is about and about what my thoughts are about if I would use this technique or not in my way in counseling. I will also describe different ways that I would still use the Freud’s technique but in my own unique way.

“Information processing is not the name of a single theory; it is a generic name applied to theoretical perspectives dealing with the sequence and execution of cognitive events (Sch.164).” Because of these multiple theory perspectives, information processing is short of a clear identity. Most of the researcher on information processing was done in a lab where they studied eye movements, recognition and recall times, attention to stimuli, and interference in perception and memory. The researchers are still trying to apply educational settings that involve the basics; math, reading, and science.