Brand Orientation and Market Orientation — from Alternatives to Synergy

In Naomi Klein's article New Branded World, she states that a brand is "the core meaning of the modern corporation"1. This is because during the 1940s "there was a burgeoning awareness that a brand wasn't just a mascot...the company as a whole could have a brand identity or 'corporate consciousness'."2 As a result, agencies shifted their attention away from individual products and services to a psychological examination of what brands mean to people and their culture. However, due to

Kotler, P., & Keller, K. (2012). Marketing Management (14th ed., pp. 517-518). Essex, London: Prentice Hall.

According to Holt (2004), a brand can be defined as a term, name or a design that distinguishes product or service of one manufacturer from others. Brands are normally utilized in advertising, business and marketing. In accounting terms, brand is an intangible asset which is present within every organization. It is most valuable asset that is outlined in the balance sheet of a company. Brands owners need to effectively manage their brands in order to enhance shareholder value. Brand valuation is an important technique that associates money with a brand. Effective branding often results into high sales volumes of a particular product. A customer who prefers a brand is more likely to choose other products which are offered by the same brand. Brand can be stated as a personality that facilitates identification of a company, product or service. It even encompasses relation with other constituents like customers, partners, investors, staff, etc. Individuals distinguish psychological aspect of a brand from experimental

According to Keller(1993) the effective brand positioning gives a brand a competitive advantage or “unique selling proposition” that determines a reason why consumers are buying this product or service (Keller, 1993). Similarly, Kay (2004) argues that brand’s strength depends

According to Lederer and Hill’s Brand Portfolio Molecule an organization’s product offerings are synergistically related. The Brand Portfolio Molecule identifies a large central or lead brand. This brand represents the most influential brand with the organization’s portfolio. Lederer and Hill also identify the strategic and support brands which influence customer purchases. The network of relationships that exist amongst the brands whether positive or negative provide a map for the marketer to manage the current product offerings the portfolio represents (p. 77).

Klein’s last paragraph in the essay continues to provide readers with more information and support. She uses more anecdotal examples to further the audience’s familiarity with the concept of branding. Klein speaks on the issue of the brand being dead and how virtually nothing is left unbranded (Klein 778). This gives readers a nice gateway into exploring more about the concepts of branding and

A brand is an organisation, product or service which has created an emotional connection with their consumers in order for them to favour their brand over their competitors. It is incredibly important for brands to keep up their image and one little thing could change the global perception of a business. It takes a lot to maintain a brand image that has been built up over a long period of time and even more to regain it if that reputation is lost. Brands are created through various different aspects such as their visuals, tone of voice, advertising, actions and reputation. The combination of these will leave their consumers with long lasting emotions and perceptions of a particular brand and will effect whether they support a business or not and whether they would favour or avoid it. When a brand looses their image it can cost a lot of money and time to rebrand to prevent complete failure of the product or service.

Brand strategy is of upmost importance when it comes to customer visualizing a company. Branding is critical to the company as well as the product. The company brand embodies what the company is about,including the product (Hatline, M.D. & Ferrel, O.C., 2014). Branding provides the company with leverage when it tries to enter new markets Whether that be new locations or new product offerings (Douglas, S. P., Craig, C. S., & Nijssen, E. J., 2001).

In the end, I developed the understanding that brand leadership(s) are those leading brands that are not only majority fascinating but highly relevant and outstandingly unique. They are often highly sought through by not only consumers but also by employees. Through brand identity and brand association, these institutions continue to grow not just for the consumers and organization but also for the economy. Outside of my mentioned developed understanding, I concluded that brand leadership is defined through a few

According to the American Marketing Association (AMA), a brand is a “name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competition”. However, as Keller highlights, a brand is also “something that has actually created a certain amount of awareness, reputation, prominence, and so on in the marketplace”. Therefore, a brand is an identity created to differentiate itself from the competitors and to be remembered in consumer’s mind.

A brand is an organisation, product or service which has created an emotional connection with their consumers in order for them to favour their brand over their competitors. It is incredibly important for brands to keep up their image and one little thing could change the global perception of a business. It takes a lot to maintain a brand image that has been built up over a long period of time and even more to regain it if that reputation is lost. Brands are created through various different aspects such as their visuals, tone of voice, advertising, actions and reputation. The combination of these will leave their consumers with long lasting emotions and perceptions of a particular brand and will effect whether they support a business or not and whether they would favour or avoid it. When a brand looses their image it can cost a lot of money and time to rebrand to prevent complete failure of the product or service.

Although brands do not solely refer to businesses and their products or services (e.g. charities, countries, celebrities), this essay will discuss their relevance to profits with regards to business operations unless specified. Where most companies must at some point make a decision (consciously or unconsciously) whether to brand their company or not, that question is often rhetorical. Brands are established whether the marketing manager says they should or not. The decision really is whether to implement conscious brand management within the business or not. That is the difference between a strong brands and weak brands. Where

Businesses can develop new products based on either a marketing orientated approach or a product orientated approach. According to Jaworski and Kohli (1993), marketing orientation is ‘the organization-wide generation of market intelligence pertaining to current and

According to Keller (1993), consumer based brand equity strictly understood from a consumer psychology perspective and he defined it as the distinguishing effect of brand knowledge on response of consumer to the marketing of the given brand. By this theoretical approach, brand has a positive or negative value if the consumer reacts more or less favourably to the product’s marketing mix of which he/she knows the brand name than to the marketing mix of an almost same but unbranded product. Consumer response to the brand’s marketing mix can be translated at various stages of the purchase decision making gradual chain such as preferences, intention of choice and actual choice. Keller (1993) states that, brand knowledge is a key point in consumer based brand equity and is conceptualized as a brand node in memory to which different associations have been linked. Brand knowledge is then divided into two separate constructs: brand awareness and brand

Long before now has branding been considered as one of the peripheral aspects of business. Manufacturers, investors and other key players focused on the product without paying much attention to the consumer. But as the business landscape got tougher, marketing became not just an integral part of business but one of the fundamental principles of success.