e Inheritance of Anthocyanin using Mendelian Laws in Brassica rapa
Sarah Railsback
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
Gregor Mendel had a huge impact on the discovery of genetics. It is believed that his interest to explore genetics was greatly influenced by Joseph Koelreuter. Koelrueter observed that not all hybrids can reproduce, and that when mated some of the hybrids look like the parents, and some looked like a different species. This intrigued Mendel. Mendel then began to study the inheritance patterns from pea plants. He concluded that traits were not blended that they remain distinct from one another when being passed form generation to generation. Plants, like the Brassica rapa, are very easy to grow, grow very quickly, have distinct observable characteristics, the strains
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Focusing on the F2 generation during this experiment is very important because the recessive trait appears as a predictable ratio. This shows that the F1 generation plant cross fertilized with another F1 generation plant will produce ¾ tall plants and ¼ short plants. In Genetics, a phenotype is an observable characteristic of a trait, and a genotype is the genetic make-up of a trait. Throughout his research he found that unit factors exist in pairs, within a pair of unit factors one of them is dominant and one is recessive. Unit factors are pairs of genes that determine the outcome of the offspring being produced. He also proposed the law of segregation stating that allele pairs segregate during gamete formation, and randomly unite at fertilization. After discovering the law of segregation he was also able to create the law of
30. What attributes of the garden pea plant made it an excellent organism for Gregor Mendel’s genetic studies?
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From both graphs, the plant with two pellets and six pellets of fertilizer grow faster than zero fertilizer and four fertilizers. Compare to the plant with two pellets and six pellets, the six pellets one grow faster than the plant with two pellets. The plant with four pellets grow slower than the plant with no fertilizer. However, the data doesn’t make sense, so it is unreliable. Also, it does not support the hypothesis. The reason why the data is wrong, is maybe because the Brassica rapa was extract in the first week for measuring the length. Neverthless, it was a wrong action.Therefore,
The basis of genetics were established by Gregor Mendel, an Augustinian monk in the mid to late 1800’s. Through the observations from cross-pollinating pea plants, Mendel was able to discover the basic laws of inheritance. Mendel’s experiment was to cross pollinate pea plants and observe how traits were passed on. He started his experiment with two true breeding pods,
The experiment commenced with planting over one hundred and thirty Brassica rapa plants. A large abundance was planted to ensure the large diversity of plants, which would also ensure a number of plants would be available to artificially select. Each Brassica rapa was planted with about one hundred and thirty plants to ensure the genetic diversity but this process first commenced by accumulating small plastic pots; it was important that these pots have holes in them so that they could be filled with wick. The small piece of wick would serve as a safety net for the Brassica rapas in case they do not receive water. The wick would temporarily keep the soil moist, so the plants would not immediately face peril. We also kept the soil moist
Gregor Mendel theorized that certain combinations of alleles in a genotype would result in a specific ratio of phenotypes expressed in each generation. For example, in the case of the dominant heterozygous anthocyanin genotype, the P1 with (ANL/anl) crossed with the P2 (ANL/anl) would result in a 1:2:1 ratio for genotypes (ANL/ANL), (ANL/anl) and (anl/anl). However,
The principle of segregation is based on the non-blending of the particles that an offspring would receive from each parent. The principle of segregation relates to question 1 because question 1 talks about traits coming in discrete units, and the principle
As “the father of modern genetics”, Mendel made a huge impact on science by discovering the basic laws of heredity, with dominant and recessive traits. Through these discoveries he inspired many scientists to jump onto genetics and try to replicate his experiment to confirm his results.
Mendel’s famous experiment was the Pea plant experiment where he studied pea plants. He performed the experiment on peas because they reproduce rapidly and was able to observe the differences in many traits thought the generation. Mendel’s peas had traits such as tall or short height, green or yellow seed color, green or yellow
Mendel was a scientist immersed in a numerous amount of fields, but it was with his work with pea plants that really made him famous. He described genes as factors that are not inherited continuously and each factor has two different forms. For example, the flower color on the plants could either be purple or white. The forms that Mendel is discussing are now called alleles. Mendel’s discoveries led to the Law of Dominance, Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment. The Law of Dominance discusses how one allele will suppress the allele from the other parent. The trait
In 1866, Gregor Mendel published his work on genes—though they weren't called genes at the time, they referred to them as “invisible factors”—and how they provided predictable visible traits. He started studying the genes of plants in 1854. What plant, you ask? Peas. Peas? Yes, he chose peas because of the variety of types and their quick growth rate. He worked with pea plants from 1856 to 1863, “cross-breeding” them with different types of pea plants to see what would happen. When I say different types, I'm referring to their physical traits; short plants, tall plants, rough plants, smooth plants, green plants, yellow plants, etc. He came up with two crucial conclusions from these experiments; 1) there are both dominant
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He also found out that the basic units of genetics are material elements that come in pairs.
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He reasoned that there were certain rules by which these characteristics were inherited. He guessed that each plant must possess some sort of unit that specified its characteristics. In fact, each must have two units, one from each parent plant. If the plant inherited two different units, then one would override the other. This was called the dominant unit, and the one that was overridden was called the recessive unit. Mendel's theories were not discovered till 1900, and it began the science called genetics , the study of a physical inheritance. From this name, Mendel's units were changed into genes.