Brassica Rapa Essay

Add three seeds to the potting mix and cover seeds with little remaining potting mix. After the addition of the potting mix, use a dropper filled with water and water each cell until water drips from the wick. Then place the quads on a watering tray under the fluorescent light bank. Each cell should have an equal distance from the light bank. Quads should be three inches below the fluorescent light; the light should also be left on all day. Make sure all wicks are in contact with the mat that sits on the watering tray. Also watch out for the watering system regularly throughout the experiment. After four to five days record plants in the quads, giving their phenotypes in a table for each cell removed all but the strongest plant.

Stage eight occurs on days eighteen through twenty. During this time, seed pods will develop. The final stage is stage nine, which occurs on days twenty-one to forty. This will be when the Fast Plant begins to wilt and die, and its seed pods will begin to become dry and eventually and await planting. Then the entire life cycle will begin all over again.

34. A pea plant heterozygous for height and seed color (TtYy) is crossed with a pea plant heterozygous for height

The plants were divided into three groups of ten and the planting pots were placed into trays to ease in the movement of all ten for exposure to sounds. The plants were placed in the same location outside to receive full sun when not being exposed to the particular sound. The plants were watered at the same time with the same spray bottle two times per week as directed on the information slip when purchased. Each evening for 30 days, the group exposed to the violet sound was brought indoors at seven p.m. and placed in a secluded room with an iPad two placed in front of the plants to produce the violet noise. The group of ten plants were left in the room for two continuous hours while being exposed to the sound. Once the two hours were completed the violet group was placed back outside in the original location. The same procedure was followed for the group of ten plants being exposed to the lower frequency brown noise beginning at nine p.m. and concluding at the end of the two hours. The ten Dianthus plants in the control group were not exposed to either sound. Every five days for thirty days, measurement in centimeters and visual observations were made and placed into tables. For measurement, the height of the tallest stem was measured from the top of the soil to the bottom of the flower bud and recorded in centimeters. Visual observations were made and recoded in the same table regarding how many new flower buds appeared, new stem production appeared and if any flower buds were in the process of

In this lab the plant being used was the common garden pea (Pisum sativum), the first thing done was to scan the phenotypes of each parental and first generation offspring; which was homozygous dominant ( P1), homozygous recessive (P2) for parental types, and heterozygous (F1) for first generation offspring. Next step is to indicate the F2 sample by using a “+” for dominant and “-” for recessive phenotype. This was done by making a chi chart that expressed all the phenotype characteristics for Parental traits to 60 generations of offspring traits. Afterward data was combined with class data to determine the statistical analysis for all the samples. In addition to analyzing the morphological traits, statistical data was determined by determining the expected number of plants for seed color, Seed texture, Stipules, leaflets, Height, and Tendrils. That was calculated by

From both graphs, the plant with two pellets and six pellets of fertilizer grow faster than zero fertilizer and four fertilizers. Compare to the plant with two pellets and six pellets, the six pellets one grow faster than the plant with two pellets. The plant with four pellets grow slower than the plant with no fertilizer. However, the data doesn’t make sense, so it is unreliable. Also, it does not support the hypothesis. The reason why the data is wrong, is maybe because the Brassica rapa was extract in the first week for measuring the length. Neverthless, it was a wrong action.Therefore,

It can be concluded that the flower treated with red light wavelength of 620 to 750 nm had similar mean lengths of pollen tube elongation as the positive influence of flashlight treated flower with a production of all wavelengths. Contrastingly the blue wavelength of 450 to 495 nm had a smaller mean tube length compared to both flashlight and red light while still being longer than the negative influence of sunlight.

Cross-pollination took place on day 29 and followed a very specific procedure. Our group observed flowering in cells three (two flowers) and five (four flowers). Pollen was carefully transferred from the stamen of each plant to the pistil of another using a small brush. This was repeated several times to ensure success. Finally, buds without flowers were trimmed from each plant. On day 36, seed pods were counted and a total of 12 were recorded and photographed. Buds and flowers were clipped from all plants on day 43 and 25 seeds pods were observed. The three lab periods proceeding the final clipping/trimming (days 50-64) were dedicated to drying the plants and seed pods.

The reproduction system for plants consists of the anther, stigma and ovule. The image by Hans Lambers (2016) shows that pollen is created through the stamen (anther (which is held up by a filament). The pollen is then moved through wind, water or animal to the stigma of the plant “part of the pistil where the pollen germinates” (The Parts of a Flower, n.d.). Which is then moved down the pollen tube (inside the style) where it reaches the ovary and fertilizes the ovule and reproduce.

Each of the compartments were subsequently watered until the soil was completely wet. The six tray container was then placed on a rack under a source of light. Over a period of several weeks, the plants were not given water. During the following week, the flowers were opened and the seeds were collected from the dry seed pods. These were the seeds which were used to germinate the F2 generation. After the seeds were harvested, they were aloud to dry for one week. Paper towels with grids drawn upon them were laid out on the germination container and then the seeds were placed in each box. The seeds were sprayed using a spray bottle and then covered with the germination container top. A picture of Brassica Rapa is shown to the right:

Flowers remain blooming when the sun is out for 1 or 2 days, being replaced by a seed capsule that grows large, and later splits open to release its seeds. The rhizomes that are found at the roots of these flowers, and the foliage contain a reddish juice. Over time the plants often form vegetative colonies, these colonies self-pollinate to reproduce.

Using a G goodness-of-fit test, the authors tested the inheritance of the transgene with each treatment resulting in the F1, F2 and BC progeny. To do so, they compared the observed transgenic:non-transgenic ratios to the ones they would expect for each cross assuming the transgene is hemizygotic. They further did a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to test the significance of changes in performance induced by the transgene in the F1 progeny. Precisely, they compared the number (log10) and mass of seeds (square root), germination time, adult leaf area and number of female and male (1/square root) flowers. They repeated a MANOVA for the F2 progeny, but using only the germination time, leaf area and number of male/female flowers. For the BC progeny, the authors performed univariate GLM analyses due to its small sample size, and used the same indicators of performance as with the F2 progeny.

However, one of the major problems of many tissue cultured plants is somaclonal variation. It is the variation originating in cell and tissue cultures (Larkin and Scowcroft, 1981). The growth of plant cells in vitro and their regeneration into whole plants is an asexual process which involves only mitotic division of the cell. Therefore, theoretically, it should not cause any variation. Ideally, it is expected to get clonal multiplication of genetically uniform plants. However, due to somaclonal variation, uncontrolled and random spontaneous variation occurs during the culture process. On the other hand, somaclonal variation also has its advantages. It is useful in crop improvement through creation of novel variants. Induced somaclonal variation is used for genetic manipulation of crops with polygenic traits (Jain, 2001). It can also be a vital tool for plant breeding via generation of new varieties. This could exhibit disease resistance, improvement in quality and give a better yield of the plants. Somaclonal variants may vary from the source plant permanently or temporarily. Temporary changes result from epigenetic or physiological effects and are non-heritable and reversible but, permanent variants are heritable and often represent an expression of pre-existing variation in the source plant or are due to the de novo

Plants have two major parts of their anatomy structure for reproducing. The anther, which is the male part that contains the pollen. And the pistils, the female part of the flower. The goal is to get the pollen from the anthers to the pistol. Pollinators have tasked this job. Pollinators visit plants for their own purposes, to collect nectar, which is a sugary substance that can be used as food or to make honey, oil, or just to hang out. When a pollinator visits a

At higher relative humidity pollen grains stick together and do not disperse well. If the amount of moisture in the air stays constant and when air becomes dry and it is ideal condition for pollination and Fertilisation takes place after 48 hours.