Social Injustice In Brazil Essay

Chon reviews and tests Neapolitan’s Regional Subculture of Violence Thesis (1994). The finding from this study suggested the current multiple regression analysis did not support Neapolitan’s argument. However, structure factors are more of a predicator in determining high homicide rate in Latin America. Chon explains the nation’s high homicide rate comes from a multitude of sources. One explanation is constructed on the regional violent culture theory. The other explanation is structure factors, which are (a) poverty (GDP per capita), (b) income inequality, (c) literacy rate, (d) alcoholic consumption level, (e) age distribution. The researcher uses published reviewed sources to support the main argument as well as used Neapolitan’s Regional Subculture of Violence Thesis (1994). This journal article will serve to be useful for answering my research question because it uses structural factors in determining the cause of homicide rate. Also, this article focus specifically on Latin America and the countries I am studying are in Latin

Indigenous rights in Brazil have been very vague throughout the years and were difficult to obtain since many indigenous tribes were seen as an inferior class. There are around 900,000 indigenous people with a total of 240 tribes in Brazil in contrast to the 11 million indigenous people that lived there before the European colonist arrived. It was predicted that 90% died in the first years from diseases that they were not exposed to, such as the flu and smallpox, and the rest who survived the diseases were enslaved. Brazil has one third of the world’s rainforest and half of the amazon forest, but with the expansion of neoliberal policies deforestation has become a serious problem. According to Brazilian authorities, the rubber and cattle industries are responsible for 80% of the deforestation (COHA). This has evidently affected many indigenous communities that lived in the Amazon forest, displacing them from their lands and exploiting them for hard labor. By the 1950s, many predicted that the indigenous population in Brazil would disappear, but they have been able to recover by becoming active in the movement against neoliberal policies and their rights as human.

Violence is one of the core themes associated with this film. In the City of God, many youths join gangs from a very tender age. In fact, it is easy to identify which gang one is supposed to join, depending on the side of the slum that one lives in. Further, this film shows that in the slums, armed violence is extremely common. It is easy to acquire guns and other sophisticated weapons in this city and almost everyone is armed; even children are armed. This has led to the increase in the number of crimes in slum dwellings. As depicted in the film, boys chase after a chicken with guns, which is a normal occurrence in the area. Mehta broaches this subject in her article when she explicates a robbery scene, “I thought he was a beggar asking for money. Then I saw the gun, going from my head to the cell phone” ( Mehta 2013). Gangs are also commonplace as illustrated in the film through The Runts, one led by Li’l Ze, and another led by Carrot. These gangs operate freely in the slum and are actually supported by the community. In fact, these gangs have taken over many parts of Rio de Janeiro and the government has started pacification programs to get rid of them (Mehta 2013). These efforts have been successful to some extent, but there still are many gang-led slums in the

Another detail that ties into the factor of police brutality can be interpreted as the lack of morality. Police officers in Brazil either get their pay late or not at all, because of this, police officers can begin to lack the necessary feelings to care about what the job they are doing. Being paid late and most times lower amounts than usual brings up the next topic that comes up in a couple of minutes. Based on the article written by Mr. Robert Muggah, it was stated that lowering the amount of money that police officers are being paid and switching the times that they are supposed to be paid, lowers their

Brazil is currently undergoing a large wave of gang-related criminal activity that has resulted in backlash towards the police for their inadequate response. Rohter from the New York Times described how the prison gang, First Capital Command, has escalated their crimes to terrorize law enforcement. This pressure has caused the Brazilian national government to act by moving the gang members to maximum security prisons hundreds of miles away from the capital. The decision to separate the members motivated the street affiliated members to increase terror on law enforcement. It was not until the government officials met with the gang leader, Mr. Camacho, to negotiate a peace offering, that the gang called a cease-fire on government officials. To

This adds greatly to the crime and violence in Colombia (Posada-Carbo). It is extremely difficult to measure the magnitude, type, and location of violence in Colombia. Another problem in measuring the amount of violence is that not all violent cases are reported. It must also be noted that any media report of violence must also be read with caution; for it may or may not have occurred.

Brazil has some of the most violent cities in the world. The murder rate in Brazil has been going through the roof each year. Some cities have a murder rate of 50 per 50,000 people. Most murder victims are usually male, poor and teenagers. Most of these crimes take place in the infamous favelas of Brazil. Murder is not the only crime leaking in the shallow streets of the favelas. High-profile rape cases, kidnapping, drugs, and weapons dealing in the favelas are the common headlines in Brazil (Griffin, Jo). These crimes are born in the favelas and spread through the streets of Brazil. The economic growth of Brazil over the years has benefited the rich puppeteers of the society, but it has made life more miserable for the poor (McCann, Bryan). Not just in Rio, but favelas have spread throughout many cities in Brazil and now they are the number one birthplace of different types of crimes in the country. In this paper, we will analyze an article published on the online version of ‘The Guardians” regarding the lives of people living in Brazilian slums (favelas).

In the early 1980's, a vision of dystopia was lying in the mind of Terry Gilliam. That vision was his future film Brazil to be written by Tom Stoppard, Charles McKeown, and himself. The movie was filmed in Wembley, England by Lee International Film Studios. After being a remarkable success during its release in Europe in 1984, Brazil had much more difficulties with its release in the United States. Terry Gilliam had previously signed a contract with Universal Studios for an expected 132-minute movie.

An additional program designed for youth in Brazil is The Project of Sao Caetano do Sul, also called Project Justice and Education: A Partnership for Citizenship, which "focuses on young people accused of having committed a crime (Achutti & Pallamolla, P.1095). According to authors Joyce Mary Adam and Claudia Sorgon Scotuzzi in their paper Government Policies for the Prevention of Violence in Schools in Brazil and the Citizenship Education, this project was "developed after a partnership between the Office of Education and the Justice Court of the State of Sao Paulo, with participation of judges from the Courts for Children's and Youth (Adam & Scotuzzi, P.4)." Used in "state schools of Primary and Secondary Education," Project Justice and Education

Only a quarter of the women who suffer violence in Brazil report this, according to a survey conducted in February 2017. When women in Roraima actually call the police, they face serious obstacles in order for them to be heard. In some cases, the police do not even respond to calls: the military police patrolling the

Gangs dictate and control the operation of more than six hundred identifiable favelas as they battle for power, resulting in more than fifty homicides per week. The police believe they are fighting in a civil war of resiliency, killing nearly nine hundred people living in favelas per year. Despite the moral panic of outside citizens, one in five people living in Rio de Janeiro identify themselves as “favelados”, leading them to fight for what they consider to be normal life within the favelas (Favela on Blast, 2008).

The inequality in the distribution of income and resources has remained in the history of Brazil and the privatization also couldn't fix this deep-rooted problem. The privatization helps to the economy to fight inflation and provide enormous benefit to the economy but it could do nothing in the distribution which it could have been different if the government and the new owners were interested in it. Privatization was able to change the ownership from state to the other investors wither from the country or from other countries but the efficiency generated from this process was not beneficial to the poorest people of Brazil. The resources remain in the hands of a certain group of people even after the privatization which shows that this process doesn't have an effect on the distribution side.

Brazil faces qite an economic struggle with various ups and down faced by the country gradually over the years. Extreme poverty prevails in the country , creating a huge gap between the rich and the poor. The people are rich living in the south and southeast regions of the country have better benefits to utilities such as health and education as compared to people living in the north region. With high poverty prevailing in the country ,crime seems to take place and this all leading to a major downfall for the country.

“The test of our progress is not whether we add more to the abundance of those that have much; it is whether we provide enough for those who have too little” (Roosevelt, 1937). In countries that have unequal distribution of wealth, the lower socio-economic class suffers and the wealthy flourish. Roosevelt is saying that a measure of a country is what they do to make up for this inequality, which in Brazil has not been much. Due to Brazil historically being run by elites, the current day economic pattern and its affect on the country shows that the elites hold the majority of the wealth within the country while the poor hold the minority of the wealth. This inequality leads to the unequal distribution of education, power, and health care.

Stretching over 2,500 miles form east to west and 2,700 miles from north to south, Brazil is the world’s largest tropical country. The only nations that are larger are the lands of Russia, Canada, China and the United States. Brazil has more then 150 million people spread unevenly over its huge land area, making it the fifth most populated country in the world. (Encyclopedia.com) More then two thirds of Brazil’s people live in the cities and towns and more then 29 percent of them are in the ten cities with more then a million people. These include the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo with more then 15 million people and Rio de Janeiro with more then 9 million people. The rural population is mostly concentrated on the East Coast or