Breast And Ovarian Cancer Clinic Case Study

As individuals become proactive in managing their health there has been an increase in the popularity of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing. This increase in popularity further coincides with testing prices declining as a result of advances in technology. With widely accessible testing available to the general public it has become more important for the individual to be well informed. There are various positive and negative consequences connected with all types of DTC genetic testing. Consequences and general knowledge which a individual should be informed on while they are considering getting the test done.

This will explore the role gender, ethnicity, race and socio-economics play in the acquisition, maintenance and experience of health care. A particular focus is the interaction (intersection) between these elements and their effect on awareness, education, active prevention and early detection of cancer, particularly breast cancer in women. Cancer is a disease caused by a mutation and rapid division of cells. Cancer is a general term describing many diseases; essentially there is a wide array of types of cancers. This vast differentiation makes it difficult to combat this disease and similarly the differences among individuals cause the course of this disease to vary greatly, cancer effects people differently. Breast cancer is one of the more well-known forms of cancer and is frequently touched upon or glazed over in discussion. A conversation may start with “I know someone who has or had cancer” but way to often this is where the conversation ends. The discussion on breast cancer needs to expand, to further the spread of information and understanding of the many aspects of this disease. “Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that can grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the body” (What is Breast cancer). Breast cancer can be found in both male and female populations but it is particularly, prevalent among women, Breast cancer is the most pervasive

California Highway Patrol officers on Thursday were investigating a carjacking after the driver of a pink tow truck dedicated to an Arcata breast cancer center was forced to pull over along Highway 96 and robbed at gunpoint.

Genetics has become a very important topic of discussion in the healthcare field. There are more and more diseases being linked to certain genes in the DNA. Carrier: Untangling the danger in my DNA, by Bonnie J. Rough, is one example of the modern problems people have to deal with in regards to genetics and genetic testing. The author writes about the problems she faced. She had some very difficult decisions about her possible offspring as well as herself. Rough writes about her struggle with deciding if she should get a genetic test for a gene that causes a disease that has been passed on through her families for generations. The reader also learns about her and her husband’s experience of getting pregnant and the steps they took to try

The first issue that comes up with having more broadened tests is that the parents of the child might worry. If the child is born and a DNA test is taken of their and shows that the person has a 50% change of dying from cancer before age 30, the parents are going to worry about this. If the parents worry about the possibility of the child dying before age 30 the relationship between the child and parents might be affected negatively because of the worry that is in place. From the movie GATTACA, Vincent and his parents relationship was strained because he had a 99% chance of having a heart condition and dying before 30. So in the

When providing genetic testing services, the doctor or counselor should follow a set of principles. The doctor is obligated to explain the procedures and their purposes, describe the risks and benefits to be expected, inform of other alternative (possibly advantageous) procedures, disclose the range of decisions the patient may have to make, and answer all questions openly and

Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) and LS (also known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) combined likely affect 1 in 250 individuals in the general population, therefore, suggests that primary care providers (PCP) actively cares for a number of these individuals and their family members (Metcalf, Tanner, Buchanan, 2010). Failure to identify and manage individuals with HBOC and LS can result in more harm and increase poor cancer prognosis (Metcalf, Tanner, Buchanan, 2010; Rosato et al., 2013). There are a number of guidelines from prominent organizations including the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention suggesting that identification of HBOC and LS patients can improve outcomes through enhanced screening and preventive measures (Metcalf, Tanner, Buchanan, 2010). Although not recognized as a universal agreement, the best approaches to high risk individuals with HBOC and Lynch syndrome is a primary care setting, until there is universal agreement with improved identification of LS risk measures (Metcalf, Tanner, Buchanan, 2010). Researchers are exploring recommendations to offer genetic testing for LS to all individuals with diagnosed CRC, with the intent of reducing morbidity and mortality in family members (Bellcross et al., 2011). Currently there are no significant efforts on a national level to facilitate widespread genetic screening to prevent LS adult onset conditions in family members of affected individuals using a public health model (Bellcross et al., 2011). The same concepts and processes used in newborn universal screening are being considered as a model for implementing universal LS screening on a population level (Bellcross et al., 2011). In recognizing universal LS

When people have a genetic test done, whether it is presymptomatic, prenatal, newborn, or carrier testing, professionals have the ability to access them. This becomes a main concern of those who get genetic tests done because they have the capability of being dropped by their employer or insurance The companies cannot discard a person because of their genetic predispositions, but they can find loopholes to get rid of them legally. Direct-to-Consumer tests, however, cannot be accessed by employers or insurance companies without consent. “Thanks to the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) signed into law in 2008, consumers need not worry about the impacts on their health insurance policy and employee status as a result of pursuing DTC genetic testing” (Su 1). This way, a person can understand their genetic predisposition without the fear of being dropped by an insurance or an employer.“The initial criticism of DTC genetic testing highlighted harms from both advertising of tests and access to tests in the absence of a health care provider intermediary” (Javitt and Hudson 2), but Direct-to-consumer tests remove the fear of outside companies finding out about their susceptibilities to genetic diseases. Many people believe Direct-to-consumer tests can be inaccurate, but with the extensive knowledge of DNA, and what is not discovered, there will be mistakes whether it is done by a medical professional or not.

As technology is improving, there is becoming more of a debate for if parents should get their kids genetically tested. There are three reasons why you shouldn’t, it produces anxiety, finds unknown information, and it can find incurable diseases.

Mrs. Sheena a 69-year-old religious Jewish lady, admitted in internal medicine ward with abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction. She was diagnosed with breast cancer that had metastasized to the liver and bone. She was treated with a combination of anticancer drugs without response. Her family consisted of five children, four of whom were married with children and grandchildren. One of the patient's daughters, a 37-year-old single woman, had been diagnosed with stage II breast cancer. After a lumpectomy, she refused chemotherapy because of her desire to have a child. She only told her oldest brother about her illness; it was their secret. Mrs. Sheena’s mother and two of her sisters died because of breast cancer.

With three members of my family having breast cancer, it is believed that getting genes tested for mutations would be a intelligent decision. Due to breast cancer being a common disease in my family I decided to investigate scenario three into further detail. I feel it would be beneficial to get my genes tested to determine if I have a chance of being diagnosed with breast cancer in the future.

Personal DNA testing is not completely accurate and can cause unnecessary stress. This tool is relatively new and needs further developments to be completely reliable. I realize that people give their consent to get tested, but is it fair to offer such an unreliable test? I am sure people have taken their lives over the results from genetic testing because it scared them to death. Nothing should ever make people feel like they are not worth living for. This procedure was designed to allow individuals to prevent diseases that they were unaware of. Although, it may have done the opposite. To add, the cost is unreasonable for the average person. It is important for people to consider the consequences and benefits of such a practice before giving consent. I will recommend this video to my friends or family who consider personal DNA testing. I think Neil Tyson touched on some very great points that are worth

3: Promoting informed decision making is a valuable recommendation when sufficient evidence is available on analytical and clinical validity and risk and benefit analysis is favorable but not definitive. Furthermore, discourage the use of testing when there is no or little information on validity or utility and evidence of harm. These recommendations and rigorous outcomes research can provide sufficient guidance in clinical practice for assessing the impact of genomic testing on patients, their families, and population based health outcomes.

Since their development and introduction to the field of medicine more than a century ago, genetic screenings have become incorporated in many fields of healthcare, including reproductive health and cancer prevention. Genetic screening is a method of identifying genetic disorders through the study of an individual’s DNA. They can be used to determine predisposition for various disorders such as Alzheimer’s, breast cancer, and sickle cell anemia. Genetic screenings inform individuals about their state of health and can help them make efficient choices in regard to disease treatments and prevention; however they have not gone without controversy. Many feel that such screenings can cause stigma and discrimination against individuals who have

• Does a provider have the right to document genetic testing results in the patient’s medical record? When is it appropriate to document this information in the record?