Diagnosis is the process of finding the cause of a health problem. This problem is detected through physical examination. Most of the tests to find out if you have breast cancer also show the stage of where your cancer is at. The following are a few tests done for diagnosis. Medical History test is a record of present symptoms, risk factors and medical events/problems a person has had in the past. This includes a personal history of breast disease or breast cancer, hormone replacement therapy, previous radiation therapy to the chest, and a family history of breast cancer, other cancers and symptoms that may relate to breast cancer. A Physical examination a doctor will do the Clinical breast examination test (CBE) to check the breast and lymph …show more content…
All specialists specialize in different things such as surgery, radiation therapy and others in chemotherapy. Treatment plans are designed to meet needs of people with cancer. Decisions for breast cancer are based on, the stage of the breast cancer. Treatment options for breast cancer are surgery, in most cases a woman would be able to choose which type of breast cancer she would like to do. Although these are the options, breast-conserving surgery, followed by radiation therapy or modified radical mastectomy. Other surgical procedures that may be done include axillary lymph node dissection or sentinel lymph node biopsy offered in certain situations. Radiation therapy external beam radiation therapy is always given after breast-conserving surgery. It is sometimes given after a mastectomy. Systemic radiation therapy may be asked to be done for women with breast cancer that has spread to large areas of the bone, this is called bone metastases. Chemotherapy is an option for breast cancer that is early stage. The chemotherapy drugs used depend on the stage of breast cancer. Chemotherapy includes many drugs. Breast cancer is mostly treated with an anthracycline, a taxane or both types of drugs. Hormonal therapy is offered for hormone receptor positive breast cancer that is either early stage with a low risk of recurrence, locally advanced, advanced or recurrent, and the type of hormonal therapy offered will depend on whether or not the woman has reached menopause. The type of biological therapy offered will depend on the HER2 status of the breast
Currently mammography and ultrasound are basic imaging techniques for detection and localization of breast tumor. Breast Ultrasound is a typically painless medical test that uses reflected sound waves for further evaluation of a breast abnormality or a specific area seen on mammography. Ultrasound can locate and measure abnormalities or changes to determine if a breast lump is solid or filled with fluid. A mammogram is an x-ray of the breast which may find tumors that are too small to feel. Women aged 40 to 74 years should have annual screening mammograms to lower chance of dying from breast cancer(2,15).Mammograms are less likely to find breast tumors in women younger than 50 years. This may
Depending on the time of diagnosis and the particular stage at which the cancer is present in the body, treatment options range from a mastectomy, chemotherapy, or surgery (Haas, 2008). A mastectomy is the surgical removal of the breast, it is an approach often taken to halt the spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body. Chemotherapy is an alternative to a treating the cancer. Chemotherapy for breast cancer is a systemic treatment, which affects most of the cells in your body. Most often chemotherapy is classified as the therapeutic use of chemicals to treat or control a particular disease. Potent drugs are used to kill or hinder the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells by interrupting their DNA, protein production, preventing cell division, starving them of their nutrients or blocking hormone receptors (Stephan, 2010).
There are many treatments of breast cancer, the seriousness and the type of cancer will result in what type of treatment is chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is given to advanced stage of breast cancer. And it is a nurse role to educate the women receiving chemotherapy about the names of drugs and they are administered and their side effects.
Treatments for breast cancer can vary depending on the aggression/stage of the cancer. Treatments for breast cancer usually involves some combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy and/or targeted therapy: treatments depend on the cancer stage and the characteristics of the tumor (Susan G. Komen, 2015). Breast cancer treatment plans
Factors that determine how to treat breast cancer are stage and grade of tumor and if it has spread to other tissue in the breast. The sensitivity to hormones of the cancer cells, health of the patient, age of the patient, and preference of the patient. Treatment may include surgery, if surgery is necessary it may be in the form of a lumpectomy, mastectomy (total breast removal), biopsy of sentinel node, dissection of axillary lymph node, and breast reconstruction surgery if a mastectomy has been done. Lumpectomy surgery is the removal of the DCIS area and a margin of healthy tissue that surrounds it. If necessary lymph nodes under the armpit and total breast removal including the nipple and areola may be removed which is known a mastectomy. After this procedure has taken place further treatment may occur such as radiation in the form
II. A) Cdc.gov (2012) indicates, breast cancer is treated in several ways. It is depended on the kind of cancer and how far along it has spread. Treatment included surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, biological therapy and radiation.
First a look back: In October, many of us at the Coalition had the pleasure of attending the 3rd Annual Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Seminar right here in Rochester. This event was developed and produced by Physicians and Laypersons Educational Associates of Greater Rochester New York (PLEA of GRNY) an organization founded by mother and son physicians, Dr. Ruby Belton and Dr. Douglas Belton Jr. PLEA of GRNY represents a union of multidisciplinary breast cancer care physicians, other medical caregivers, and laypeople. This seminar offered us a chance to learn about emerging trends in breast cancer treatment, as well as receive updates about current treatments. The multidisciplinary approach meant that physicians specializing in diagnostic radiology, surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, plastic surgery and survivorship presented on topics about their specialty areas throughout the evening. It was a treat to have many of our well-known providers front and center at the dais or on the panel. We also heard from a lawyer who presented on the legal aspects of Governor Cuomo’s new
Topic #4: Treatments like chemo and radiation are a must. Chemotherapy is a treatment with cancer-killing drugs that are given through an IV. The drugs travel through the bloodstream attacking all cancerous cells. Chemo has many side effects, most common hair lost, vomiting, and loss of appetite, low white blood cells, and fatigue. Although some of the side effects are alike when getting radiation, like fatigue, low white blood cell, some are different like chest pain and lung problem but this is totally different from chemo. Radiation is a highly targeted and highly effective way to destroy cancer cells that remain in the breast. Radiation therapy uses a special kind of high-energy beam to destroy any cancer cells left behind.
Breast cancer is not just a single disease. It may come in different types. One particular type and the most common is the invasive ductal carcinoma or the infiltrating ductal carcinoma. This is cancer that invades the surrounding breast tissues as it breaks through walls of the milk duct. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is another type of cancer. This is non-invasive, meaning it does not spread to the surrounding breast tissues. Another type is the triple negative breast cancer. This happens when estrogen, progesterone, and HER-2, which fuel cancer growth, are not present in the tumor. This also means that hormone therapy and drugs are ineffective for this type, but chemotherapy may an effective option. Inflammatory breast cancer is a fast-growing type that caused to penetrate the skin and lymph vessels. For metastatic breast cancer, cancer basically spreads to other body parts including the lungs, bones, brain, or liver. This is also classified as Stage 4 breast cancer. The above mention cancer types are the commonly seen cancer cases. However, there are other types which are not commonly seen such as the medullary carcinoma accounting for 3-5% of cancer types, tubular carcinoma making up about 2% of diagnosis, and mucinous carcinoma representing 1% or 2% of all cancer types (National Breast Cancer Foundation Inc., 2016).
Roughly one in eight women in the United States will develop an invasive breast cancer in their lifetime. In 2016, a projected 246,660 new cases of invasive breast cancer are estimated to be detected, along with an additional 61,000 new cases of non-invasive breast cancer. There are greater than 2.8 million women with a diagnosis of breast cancer in the United States, including women presently being treated and women who have completed treatment. Research developments over the past twenty years have ultimately altered the prognosis of breast cancer care. In recent years, there has been an eruption of life-saving advances against breast cancer. Death rates have declined approximately thirty-six percent, believed to be the product of treatment advancement and earlier detection. This paper is intended for those breast cancer patients who are considering breast-conservation surgery, also known as lumpectomy, followed by intracavitary radiation brachytherapy. Patients must be at least forty years old, with a single primary tumor less than three centimeters, negative surgical margins by at least two millimeters, and be without lymph nodal involvement, to be considered candidates for this form of treatment. Radiation therapy is a highly precise and effective way to extinguish minuscule cancer cells that may have been neglected or undetected during surgery. Radiation is often delivered after breast-conserving surgery to reduce the risk that the cancer will recur in the
After I read a summary of the show, I felt sad because Joni suffered from chronic pain and stage three breast cancer. She must be so painful and she does not want to live her life with pain every day. First, she complained about God, but later she understood God. I was surprised because she tried to persuade herself that she has a sin. That is why she was not healed. It was a new information that about 75 % of people who left with physical disabled from an accident experienced divorce. However, her husband, Ken, did not give up his marriage life and fell in with her again.
For this assignment I decided to critique a website from the topic breast cancer. I started my search by typing breast cancer in the google engine. I then clicked on page eight until I found a website with a .com. I clicked on the article about breast cancer, then went to website the article was provided by. Critiquing a website can be difficult do to constant evolving of technology. As a result, the accuracy of a website need to be updated continuously. To ensure that your website is . I evaluated the EMedicineHealth website using the Evaluating Internet Research Sources from Robert Harris (Harris, 2010). This consists of an acronym for evaluation CARS (credibility, accuracy, reasonableness, and support). It was with this tool
In patients with early-stage or locally advanced breast cancer, the main goal of treatment options are extending survival and maintain quality of life, several factors important in selecting among treatment options. There are a number of treatments for cancer that is surgery, chemotherapy, radia¬tion, hormone therapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapy.
Millions of women are diagnosed with breast cancer annually and their chances of survival depends on an early treatment which is only possible if the cancerous lesion is identified early. The most established tool for early detection to date is mammograms, and radiologists accuracy in reading them. Existing evidences that the use of mammograms decreases mortality rate is more sufficient, however it is still lacking for women below the age of 50 as identification of lesions in this particular group is considered to difficult. The proposed test in this paper aims to address this issue. The test will assess radiologists performance in terms of their accuracy when detecting and classifying lesions when screening mammograms of women in this particular age group. Interpretation time and its association with accuracy will also be assessed. Further analyses using the Proportional Hazard model will also be used to solidify the association between detection and time. The proposal will also outline psychometric measures which are used to evaluate the test effectiveness in terms of its reliability and validity.
The most and first screening method to use is mammography. Film-screen mammography which appears in 1976, then in 1997 Full-field digital mammography appears [6]and finally in 2011 digital breast tomosynthe¬sis or 3-dimensional (3-D) mammography appears [1]. Mammography is a type of x-ray of the breasts. This technique used to early detect very small tumors in women in age 50 to 70. This technique is considered as the most valuable and effective tool in detection breast cancer and reducing mortality rates but it has some drawbacks such as it is not affective for younger women than forty years old; type of X-Ray which cause damage in tissue; expensive; consume the time and not preferred in surgical cases [7][8]. To detect cancer in breast by